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Daily reflection Daily reflections id:: 64856c09-6826-4ed3-b21e-380d43ea95a6
- What I've done
  - 上午看学交，写数据库题
  - 下午看产品开发
  - 晚上看数电和毛概
- What I've thought #thoughts
- Mood
产品开发
- Topic 7: Innovation
  id:: 64857305-2925-485f-9aed-e15511b42149 collapsed:: true
  - Definition of Innovation
    Innovation is the process of creating something new that adds value to society. It can involve developing new products, services, processes, or business models. Innovation can be driven by a variety of factors, such as technological advances, changes in consumer preferences, or shifts in the competitive landscape.
  - Types of Innovation
    collapsed:: true There are different types of innovation, including:
    - Radical innovation: involves creating something entirely new that disrupts existing markets or creates new ones.
    - Incremental innovation: involves making small improvements to existing products or processes.
    - Disruptive innovation: involves creating a new product or service that initially serves a niche market but eventually disrupts the existing market.
    - Sustaining innovation: involves making improvements to existing products or processes that help maintain a company's competitive position.
  - Models of Innovation
    collapsed:: true Innovation can follow different models, such as:
    - Linear model: involves a sequential process of research, development, and commercialization.
    - Cyclical model: involves a continuous process of feedback and iteration.
    - Open innovation: involves collaborating with external partners to develop new products or services.
  - Characteristics of Innovative Companies
    collapsed:: true Innovative companies share certain characteristics, such as:
    - A willingness to take risks and experiment with new ideas.
    - A focus on customer needs and preferences.
    - A culture that encourages creativity, collaboration, and learning.
    - A commitment to continuous improvement and innovation.
  - Strategies for Fostering a Culture of Innovation
    collapsed:: true Companies can foster a culture of innovation by:
    - Providing resources, such as funding, time, and expertise, to support innovation initiatives.
    - Encouraging collaboration and cross-functional teams.
    - Rewarding creativity and risk-taking.
    - Creating a supportive and inclusive work environment.
  - Examples of Innovative Companies and Products
    collapsed:: true There are many examples of innovative companies and products, such as:
    - Apple: known for its innovative products, such as the iPhone and iPad.
    - Tesla: known for its innovative electric vehicles and renewable energy solutions.
    - Sinclair C5: an innovative electric vehicle developed in the 1980s that was ahead of its time.
  - Further Resources
    The PDF provides links to further resources for learning about innovation, such as a video and short videos about new inventions. These resources can help individuals and companies stay up-to-date on the latest trends and developments in innovation and product development.
- Topic 7 PDF 概述
  collapsed:: true 本 PDF 文件提供了创新和产品开发的概述。它涵盖了创新的基本原则、创新的类型、创新的模型以及什么使一个创新型公司。
  - 涵盖的主题
    collapsed:: true
    - 创新的定义
    - 创新的类型（根本性、渐进性、破坏性、维持性）
    - 创新的模型（线性、循环、开放式创新）
    - 创新型公司的特点
    - 培养创新文化的策略
    - 创新型公司和产品的例子
    - 进一步阅读的资源（包括一个视频和关于新发明的短视频）
  - 主要观点
    collapsed:: true
    - 创新是创造新的、对社会有价值的东西的过程。
    - 有不同类型的创新，包括根本性、渐进性、破坏性和维持性。
    - 创新可以遵循不同的模型，如线性、循环或开放式创新。
    - 创新型公司共享某些特点，如愿意冒险、关注客户需求和鼓励实验和学习的文化。
    - 公司可以通过提供资源、鼓励协作和奖励创造力来培养创新文化。
    - 创新型公司和产品的例子包括苹果、特斯拉和辛克莱 C5 电动车。
    - 进一步了解创新的资源包括一个视频和关于新发明的短视频。
  - 创新的定义
    创新是创造新的、对社会有价值的东西的过程。它可以涉及开发新产品、服务、流程或商业模式。创新可以由各种因素驱动，如技术进步、消费者偏好的变化或竞争格局的转变。
  - 创新的类型
    collapsed:: true 有不同类型的创新，包括：
    - 根本性创新：涉及创造全新的东西，打破现有市场或创建新市场。
    - 渐进性创新：涉及对现有产品或流程进行小幅改进。
    - 破坏性创新：涉及创建一个最初服务于利基市场但最终打破现有市场的新产品或服务。
    - 维持性创新：涉及对现有产品或流程进行改进，以帮助维持公司的竞争地位。
  - 创新的模型
    collapsed:: true 创新可以遵循不同的模型，如：
    - 线性模型：涉及研究、开发和商业化的顺序过程。
    - 循环模型：涉及反馈和迭代的持续过程。
    - 开放式创新：涉及与外部合作伙伴合作开发新产品或服务。
  - 创新型公司的特点
    collapsed:: true 创新型公司共享某些特点，如：
    - 愿意冒险和尝试新想法。
    - 关注客户需求和偏好。
    - 鼓励创造力、协作和学习的文化。
    - 致力于持续改进和创新。
  - 培养创新文化的策略
    collapsed:: true 公司可以通过以下方式培养创新文化：
    - 提供资源，如资金、时间和专业知识，支持创新项目。
    - 鼓励协作和跨职能团队。
    - 奖励创造力和冒险精神。
    - 创造一个支持性和包容性的工作环境。
  - 创新型公司和产品的例子
    collapsed:: true 有许多创新型公司和产品的例子，如：
    - 苹果：以其创新产品，如 iPhone 和 iPad 而闻名。
    - 特斯拉：以其创新的电动汽车和可再生能源解决方案而闻名。
    - 辛克莱 C5：一款在 1980 年代开发的创新电动车，领先于其时代。
  - 进一步资源
    本 PDF 文件提供了进一步了解创新的资源链接，如一个视频和关于新发明的短视频。这些资源可以帮助个人和公司了解创新和产品开发的最新趋势和发展。
- Topic 8: Digital Transofrmation and Digital Products
  id:: 64857305-a186-4927-890d-607f66d97f95 collapsed:: true
  - Digital Transformation collapsed:: true
    - Terms collapsed:: true
      - Digitisation is the process of converting information from analog to digital.
      - Digitalisation is the process of using digitised information to make established ways of working simpler and more efficient.
      - Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to create new — or modify existing — business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements
    - Types of Digital transformation collapsed:: true
      - Process Transformation – aims to process such as data, analytics, AI, and any process that can work towards lowering costs and driving operational efficiency in the business.
      - Business Model Transformation – aims to make fundamental changes in how a business or organization runs which can include personnel, processes, and technology.
      - Domain Transformation - This area offers a great opportunity to move into a new domain or area that a business may not have explored before by acquiring new technologies.
      - Cultural/Organizational Transformation - This is about redefining mindsets, processes, capabilities and skills for a digital world. It’s about driving digital transformation forward through growth initiatives that are grounded in a new culture and way of thinking.
    - Guidelines for a successful Digital collapsed:: true Transformation
      - Understand your technology
      - Embrace Cultural Change
      - Consider a new digital business model
      - Digital upskilling
      - Ensure Collaboration
      - Top Management Support
  - Digital Product collapsed:: true
    - Characteristics collapsed:: true
      - no physical form, exist only in the digital realm,
      - intangible items delivered electronically,
      - anything that can be downloaded and used digitally can be considered a digital product,
      - sold online or through brick-and-mortar retailers,
      - can be easily updated or modified to keep up with changing technology and trends because they're intangible,
      - often come with a license that allows a customer to use them in unlimited ways.
    - Will everything become digital? collapsed:: true
      - In practice, most products and experiences they are part of are hybrid.
    - Why digital products? collapsed:: true
      - Customer happiness is how you win in business. Modern customer expectations are being driven by largely digital technology and digital innovations.
      - Low investment, (potentially) high returns
      - More profitable than physical goods
      - No inventory, shipping or rent hassle
      - Automated delivery for passive income
      - Serve a niche at scale
      - Digital products offer unique ways to communicate directly with the customers.
  - Digital Project Development collapsed:: true
    - Phase 1. Discovery: the process of identifying the problem to be solved, making sure the problem is worth solving, and envisioning the solution to that problem.
    - Phase 2. Ideate: The goal is to brainstorm possible solutions to the problem identified in the discovery phase, creating a strategy for how to build a product that will solve that problem.
    - Phase 3. Test: The testing phase is all about gathering data, refining and improving your idea, and gathering more data until you have a sharp idea. The testing phase should involve at least four steps, known as the lean validation process
    - Phase 4. Execute: This stage aims to develop the“most valuable player” namely the Minimum Viable Product (MVP).
    - Phase 5. Launch: Once your MVP is ready to go, it’s time to launch. A digital product launch usually means putting the MVP on the market and giving customers their first crack at your solution.
    - Phase 6. Grow: As refine the digital product into its final form, based on the feedback from the MVP launch, it’s time to consider the growth or scaling phase.
  - Digital Project Management collapsed:: true
    - Terms collapsed:: true
      - Digital Project Manager: the glue that brings together many facets of a successful digital product— customers, design, engineering, operations, sales, marketing, finance, compliance, legal, and more.
      - Project Team for Digital Products: collapsed:: true A project team for digital product is made up of:
        
        Developers or engineers – the people who will code, test and deploy the digital application that will be used by customers.
        
        Experts in customer or user experience who focus on how the product and associated services will be used by the customer, and who create the user interface, services and other interactions with the customers
        
        Sales and marketing experts, who will actually get customers to use the product.
    - mistakes to avoid collapsed:: true
      - Having the wrong data
      - Resistance from staff
      - Underestimate costs
      - A lack of commitment
      - A lack of skills
- 主题 8
  collapsed:: true
  - 数字化转型 collapsed:: true
    - 术语 collapsed:: true
      - 数字化 是将信息从模拟形式转换为数字形式的过程。
      - 数字化 是利用数字化的信息使现有的工作方式更简单、更高效的过程。
      - 数字化转型 是利用数字技术来创建新的或修改现有的业务流程、文化和客户体验，以满足不断变化的业务和市场需求的过程。
    - 数字化转型的类型 collapsed:: true
      - 流程转型 - 旨在通过数据、分析、人工智能以及任何可以降低成本并提高业务运营效率的流程来实现。
      - 商业模式转型 - 旨在对企业或组织的运营进行根本性改变，包括人员、流程和技术。
      - 领域转型 - 这个领域为企业提供了进入新领域或领域的机会，通过获取新技术来实现。
      - 文化/组织转型 - 这涉及到重新定义数字世界中的思维方式、流程、能力和技能。通过以新的文化和思维方式为基础的增长举措，推动数字化转型的进程。
    - 实现成功数字化转型的指南 collapsed:: true
      - 了解您的技术
      - 接受文化变革
      - 考虑新的数字商业模式
      - 数字技能提升
      - 确保合作
      - 高层管理支持
  - 数字产品 collapsed:: true
    - 特点 collapsed:: true
      - 无实体形态，只存在于数字领域
      - 无形产品通过电子方式交付
      - 任何可以下载和数字使用的物品都可以被视为数字产品
      - 在线销售或通过实体零售商销售
      - 可以轻松更新或修改以跟上技术和趋势的变化，因为它们是无形的
      - 通常附带许可证，允许客户以无限的方式使用它们
    - 所有事物都会变成数字吗？ collapsed:: true
      - 实际上，大多数产品和体验都是混合型的。
    - 为什么选择数字产品？ collapsed:: true
      - 客户的幸福感是赢得业务的关键。现代客户的期望主要受数字技术和数字创新的推动。
      - 投资低，（可能）回报高
      - 比实体商品更具盈利能力
      - 无需库存、物流或租金麻烦
      - 自动化交付实现被动收入
      - 以规模服务于细分市场
      - 数字产品提供了与客户直接沟通的独特方式。
  - 数字项目开发 collapsed:: true
    - 第一阶段发现：识别待解决的问题，确保问题值得解决，并构想解决问题的方案。
    - 第二阶段构思：目标是对发现阶段确定的问题进行头脑风暴，创建构建解决该问题的产品的策略。
    - 第三阶段测试：测试阶段涉及收集数据、完善和改进您的想法，并收集更多数据，直到您拥有一个清晰的想法。测试阶段应包括至少四个步骤，即精益验证过程。
    - 第四阶段执行：这个阶段旨在开发最有价值的产品，即最小可行产品 (MVP)。
    - 第五阶段发布：一旦您的 MVP 准备就绪，就可以发布了。数字产品的发布通常意味着将 MVP 推向市场，让客户首次体验您的解决方案。
    - 第六阶段增长：在根据 MVP 发布的反馈对数字产品进行最终形态的改进时，是考虑增长或扩展阶段的时候。
  - 数字项目管理 collapsed:: true
    - 术语 collapsed:: true
      - 数字项目经理：他们将许多方面成功地融合在一起，包括客户、设计、工程、运营、销售、市场营销、财务、合规性、法律等等。
      - 数字产品项目团队：数字产品项目团队由以下成员组成： collapsed:: true
        
        开发人员或工程师 - 负责编码、测试和部署将由客户使用的数字应用程序的人员。
        
        用户体验专家 - 关注产品和相关服务如何被客户使用，并创建与客户的界面、服务和其他交互。
        
        销售和市场营销专家 - 将实际使客户使用产品。
    - 需要避免的错误 collapsed:: true
      - 使用错误的数据
      - 员工抵触
      - 低估成本
      - 缺乏承诺
      - 缺乏技能
- Topic 2: Project Management
  id:: 648581e7-cc5c-4514-9c2a-0b6af4adc5bb deck:: 2023t1/product
  - Define what is project management #flashcard
    - For all but the simplest products, product development involves many people completing many different tasks.
    - is the activity of planning and coordinating resources and tasks to achieve these goals.
  - Two Phases of PM #flashcard
    - Project planning involves scheduling the project tasks and determining resource requirements. The project plan is first laid out during the concept development phase, although it is a dynamic entity and continues to evolve throughout the development process.
    - Project execution, sometimes called project control, involves coordinating and facilitating the myriad tasks required to complete the project in the face of inevitable unanticipated events and the arrival of new information. Execution is just as important as planning; Many teams fail because they do not remain focused on their goals for the duration of the project.
  - Project Planning: Understand and represent different tasks in projects
    - Sequential, Parallel, and Coupled Tasks
    - The Design Structure Matrix
      - Definition :-> A useful tool for representing and analysing task dependencies is the design structure matrix (DSM).
      - Working:
        
        A project task is assigned to a row and a corresponding column.
        
        The rows and columns are named and ordered identically, although generally only the rows list the complete names of the tasks. Each task is defined by a row of the matrix.
        
        We represent a task’s dependencies by placing marks in the columns to indicate the other tasks (columns) on which it depends.
        
        Reading across a row reveals all of the tasks whose output is required to perform the task corresponding to the row.
        
        Reading down a column reveals which tasks receive information from the task corresponding to the column.
        
        The diagonal cells are usually filled in with dots or the task labels, simply to separate the upper and lower triangles of the matrix and to facilitate tracing dependencies.
    - Gantt Chart
      - Features: #flashcard
        
        Gantt charts show how the work is broken down into a set of activities
        
        They show the scheduling of these activities as a series of horizontal bands against a series of vertical lines representing dates
        
        They can be used to show dependencies between activities
        
        They can be used to measure progress on a project or compare planned production with actual production
    - PERT Charts #flashcard
      - PERT (program evaluation and review technique) charts explicitly represent both dependencies and timing, in effect combining some of the information contained in the DSM and Gantt chart.
    - The Critical Path #flashcard
      - The dependencies among the tasks in a PERT chart, some of which may be arranged sequentially and some of which may be arranged in parallel, lead to the concept of a critical path.
      - The critical path is the longest chain of dependent events. This is the single sequence of tasks whose combined required times define the minimum possible completion time for the entire set of tasks.
  - Undertake a baseline project plan
    - Definition :-> project plan is the roadmap for the remaining development effort. The plan is important in coordinating the remaining tasks and in estimating the required development resources and development time.
  - Do project scheduling
    - Methods: #flashcard
      - Contract Book
      - Project Task List
      - Team staffing & Organisation
      - Project Schedule
      - Project Budget
      - Project Risk Plan
      - Modifying the baseline plan
  - Accelerate projects
    - Product development time is often the dominant concern in project planning and execution. There are a set of guidelines for accelerating product development projects.
  - Execute projects #flashcard
    - Smooth execution of even a well-planned project requires careful attention. Three problems of project execution are particularly important: 1. What mechanisms can be used to coordinate tasks? 2. How can project status be assessed? and 3. What actions can the team take to correct for undesirable deviations from the project plan?
- 主题 2
  collapsed:: true
  - 定义什么是项目管理 collapsed:: true
    - 对于除了最简单的产品以外，产品开发涉及到许多人完成许多不同的任务。
    - 项目管理是规划和协调资源和任务以实现这些目标的活动。
  - PM 的两个阶段 collapsed:: true
    - 项目规划涉及安排项目任务并确定资源需求。项目计划首先在概念开发阶段制定，尽管它是一个动态实体，并在整个开发过程中不断演变。
    - 项目执行，有时称为项目控制，涉及协调和促进完成项目所需的各种任务，面对必然发生的意外事件和新信息的到来。执行与规划同样重要；许多团队失败是因为在整个项目的持续时间内没有保持对目标的专注。
  - 项目规划：理解和代表项目中的不同任务 collapsed:: true
    - 顺序、并行和耦合任务 collapsed:: true
    - 设计结构矩阵 collapsed:: true
      - 定义：用于表示和分析任务依赖关系的有用工具是设计结构矩阵（DSM）。
      - 工作原理： collapsed:: true
        
        一个项目任务分配给一行和相应的列。
        
        行和列的命名和顺序相同，尽管通常只有行列出任务的完整名称。每个任务由矩阵的一行定义。
        
        我们通过在列中放置标记来表示任务的依赖关系，以指示其所依赖的其他任务（列）。
        
        横向读取一行可以看到所有需要完成与该行对应任务相关的任务的输出。
        
        纵向读取一列可以看到哪些任务接收来自与该列对应的任务的信息。
        
        对角线的单元格通常填充有点或任务标签，仅用于分隔矩阵的上三角形和下三角形，并便于追踪依赖关系。
    - 甘特图 collapsed:: true
      - 特点： collapsed:: true
        
        甘特图展示了工作如何被分解为一系列活动。
        
        它们以一系列垂直线表示日期，以一系列水平带表示这些活动的调度。
        
        它们可以用于显示活动之间的依赖关系。
        
        它们可以用于衡量项目的进展或比较计划生产与实际生产情况。
    - PERT 图 collapsed:: true
      - PERT（程序评估和审查技术）图明确表示依赖关系和时间，实际上结合了 DSM 和甘特图中包含的一些信息。
    - 关键路径 collapsed:: true
      - PERT 图中任务之间的依赖关系，其中一些可能按顺序安排，一些可能并行安排，导致关键路径的概念。
      - 关键路径是最长的一系列依赖事件。这是一系列任务的单一序列，其组合所需的时间定义了整个任务集合的最短可能完成时间。
  - 进行基准项目计划 collapsed:: true
    - 定义：项目计划是剩余开发工作的路线图。该计划在协调剩余任务和估计所需的开发资源和开发时间方面非常重要。
  - 进行项目调度 collapsed:: true
    - 方法： collapsed:: true
      - 合同书
      - 项目任务列表
      - 团队配备和组织
      - 项目进度表
      - 项目预算
      - 项目风险计划
      - 修改基准计划
  - 加速项目 collapsed:: true
    - 产品开发时间通常是项目规划和执行中最主要的关注点。有一套加速产品开发项目的指南。
  - 执行项目 collapsed:: true
    - 即使是一个精心计划的项目，顺利执行也需要仔细注意。项目执行的三个重要问题是：
      1. 可以使用哪些机制来协调任务？
      2. 如何评估项目状态？
      3. 团队可以采取哪些行动来纠正与项目计划不符的不良偏差？
- Topic 3: Opportunity Identification
  id:: 648594af-3833-4991-a4c2-2e9c8430a122 collapsed:: true
  - Opportunity, definition and types
    - Definition:
      - an idea for a new product
      - It is a product description in an embryonic form
        
        a newly sensed need,
        
        a newly discovered technology,
        
        a rough match between a need and a possible solution
      - It can be thought of as a hypothesis about how value might be created
    - Type
      - Ansoff’s growth matrix
      - Market penetration logseq.order-list-type:: number
        
        Opportunities can exist within a business’s existing markets through increasing the volume of sales of existing products
      - market development logseq.order-list-type:: number
        
        Opportunities are said to exist for a business’s products through making them available to new markets
        
        e.g. using existing products in new geographical markets
        
        e.g. selling your existing products to a new age group of customers
      - product development logseq.order-list-type:: number
        
        Opportunities: offering new or improved products to logseq.order-list-type:: number existing markets
      - diversification logseq.order-list-type:: number
        
        Opportunities: Moving into new markets, potentially with a base logseq.order-list-type:: number from your existing product knowledge or diversification through acquisition of other companies
      - Risk
        
        The element of risk increases the further the strategy moves away from known quantities the existing product and the existing market
        
        Product development (requiring, in effect, a new product) and market extension (a new market) involve a greater risk than market penetration
        
        Diversification (both new products and new markets) generally carries the greatest risk of all
  - Opportunity identification process
    - Establish a charter
      - A charter articulates the goals of the organisation (in relation to NPD) and establishes the boundary conditions for an innovation effort. Charters can be termed as mission statement for a new product.
    - Generate and sense many opportunities
      - Focus has to be both on internal and external sources of raw opportunities. Some of these are generated:
        
        Internally
        
        R&D department
        
        Externally
        
        customer
        
        competitive product
        
        sales forces
        
        collab. with universities
        
        investors
        
        distribution partners
        
        other partner companies
      - Sense opportunities: Where do they come from?
        
        Passively
        
        Proactively
        
        Document frustrations and complaints that current customers experience with existing products
        
        Interview lead users, with attention devoted to
        
        innovations by these users and
        
        modifications these users may have made to existing products
        
        trends
        
        Systematically gather suggestions from current customers
        
        Competitors
        
        Transfer emerging tech.
    - R&D: Research and Development
      - Definition: to develop new knowledge and apply scientific or engineering knowledge to connect the knowledge in one field to that in others
      - Roles:
        
        Discovering and developing new technologies Improving understanding of the technology in existing products
        
        Improving and strengthening understanding of technologies used in manufacturing
        
        Understanding research results from universities and other research institutions
      - Areas:
        
        R&D for existing businesses
        
        R&D for new businesses
        
        R&D for exploratory research
    - Screen opportunities
      - Purpose:
        
        to eliminate any opportunities that are unlikely to result in the creation of value,
        
        to focus attention on the opportunities worthy of further investigation
        
        not to pick the single best opportunity!
      - Approach:
        
        Web-based surveys
        
        Workshops with multi-voting: collaborative sessions or meetings where participants engage in a voting process to prioritize or make decisions on various options or ideas.
    - Develop promising opportunities
      - Details
        
        customer interviews,
        
        testing of existing products,
        
        concept generation,
        
        quick prototypes,
        
        estimates of market sizes and growth rates.
      - Goal
        
        resolve the greatest uncertainty surrounding each one at the lowest cost in time and money.
    - Select exceptional opportunities
      - Goal
        
        select a few that warrant a significant investment in product development.
      - Approach:Real-Win-Worth-it
        
        Real: Is the opportunity real?
        
        Win: Can you win with this opportunity?
        
        Worth It: Is it worth doing?
    - Reflect on the result and process. Ask the following questions:
      - How many of the opportunities identified came from internal sources versus external sources?
      - Did we consider dozens or hundreds of opportunities?
      - Was the innovation charter too narrowly focused?
      - Were our filtering criteria biased, or largely based on the best possible estimates of eventual product success?
      - Are the resulting opportunities exciting to the team?
- 主题 3：机会识别
  collapsed:: true
  - 机会的定义和类型
    - 定义：
      - 一种新产品的构想
      - 它是一个初步形式的产品描述
        
        新发现的需求
        
        新发现的技术
        
        需求和可能解决方案之间的初步匹配
      - 可以将其视为关于如何创造价值的假设
    - 类型
      - 安索夫增长矩阵
      - 市场渗透
        
        机会存在于企业现有市场中，通过增加现有产品的销售量来实现
      - 市场开发
        
        通过将产品面向新市场使得机会出现于企业的产品中
        
        例如，在新的地理市场中使用现有产品
        
        例如，将现有产品销售给新的客户群体
      - 产品开发
        
        机会：向现有市场提供新产品或改进的产品
      - 多元化
        
        机会：进入新市场，可能基于现有产品知识或通过收购其他公司进行多元化
      - 风险
        
        风险元素与策略偏离已知量（现有产品和现有市场）的程度成正比
        
        与市场渗透相比，产品开发（实际上需要新产品）和市场扩展（新市场）涉及更大的风险
        
        多元化（新产品和新市场）通常带有最大的风险
  - 机会识别过程
    - 制定章程
      - 章程表达了组织（与 NPD 有关）的目标，并为创新工作设定了边界条件。章程可以被视为新产品的使命陈述。
    - 生成和发现众多机会
      - 需要关注内部和外部的机会来源。其中一些是通过以下方式生成的：
        
        内部生成
        
        研发部门
        
        外部生成
        
        客户
        
        竞争产品
        
        销售团队
        
        与大学合作
        
        投资者
        
        分销合作伙伴
        
        其他合作伙伴公司
      - 感知机会：它们从何而来？
        
        被动感知
        
        主动感知
        
        记录现有产品的当前客户所经历的挫折和投诉
        
        与领先用户进行访谈，关注这些用户的创新以及他们对现有产品的修改
        
        趋势
        
        系统地收集来自现有客户的建议
        
        竞争对手
        
        转移新兴技术
    - 研究与开发（R&D）
      - 定义：开发新知识并应用科学或工程知识，将一领域的知识与其他领域相连接
      - 角色：
        
        发现和开发新技术，提高对现有产品中技术的理解
        
        改进和加强对制造中使用技术的理解
        
        理解来自大学和其他研究机构的研究结果
      - 领域：
        
        现有业务的研发
        
        新业务的研发
        
        探索性研究的研发
    - 筛选机会
      - 目的：
        
        淘汰不太可能创造价值的机会
        
        将注意力集中在值得进一步调查的机会上
        
        不是选择最佳机会！
      - 方法：
        
        基于网络的调查
        
        带有多元投票的工作坊：参与者进行投票以对各种选项或想法进行优先排序或决策的协作会议或会议。
    - 开发有前途的机会
      - 细节：
        
        客户访谈
        
        对现有产品进行测试
        
        概念生成
        
        快速原型
        
        估计市场规模和增长率
      - 目标：
        
        以最低的时间和金钱成本解决每个机会周围最大的不确定性
    - 选择杰出的机会
      - 目标：
        
        选择几个值得在产品开发中进行重大投资的机会
      - 方法：真实-胜利-值得
        
        真实：机会是真实的吗？
        
        胜利：能够赢得这个机会吗？
        
        值得：值得去做吗？
    - 反思结果和过程。提出以下问题：
      - 机会识别中有多少机会来自内部来源和外部来源？
      - 我们是否考虑了数十个还是数百个机会？
      - 创新章程是否过于狭隘？
      - 我们的筛选标准是否存在偏见，或者主要基于对最终产品成功的最佳估计？
      - 结果的机会是否激发团队的激情？
- Topic 5: Identify Customer Needs (Preliminary of Concept Development)
  id:: 64859157-dc41-453d-95ea-39e2280ea735 collapsed:: true
  - Market Research for NPD (New Product Development) collapsed:: true
    - Definition: the function that links the consumer, customer and public to the marketer through information – information used
    - Goal: collapsed:: true
      - to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems;
      - to generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions;
      - to monitor marketing performance;
      - to improve understanding of the marketing process
    - When to use it?
  - Gather raw data from customers logseq.order-list-type:: number collapsed:: true
    - Interviews: One or more development team members discuss with a single customer
    - Focus groups: A moderator facilitates a two-hour discussion with a group of 8 or 12 customers
    - Observing the product in use
    - Surveys: direct mail or web-based questionnaires;
  - Interpret the raw data in terms of customer needs logseq.order-list-type:: number collapsed:: true
    - The data gathered in Step 1 then has to be used to express the customers’ needs in terms of what the product has to do, not in terms of how it might do
    - Use positive, not negative phrasing
    - Express the needs as attributes of the product
  - Organize the needs into a hierarchy of needs logseq.order-list-type:: number collapsed:: true
    - Structure the needs into collapsed:: true
      - Must-haves – “I wont buy without”
      - Delighters – “What an unexpected treat”
      - Linear Satisfiers – “The more the merrier”
      - Neutrals – “No big deal”
    - This is the Kano classification
    - Consumer needs can be very elusive
    - Intuitions are often wrong
  - Establish the relative importance of the needs logseq.order-list-type:: number collapsed:: true
    - Measuring preference is central to market research
  - Reflect on the results and the process logseq.order-list-type:: number collapsed:: true
    - Questions to ask: collapsed:: true
      - Have we interacted with all important customers in our target market?
      - Can we see the latent needs of customers beyond our current product range?
      - Can we further involve any of the customers in our product development?
      - Did we involve the right people in our organisation?
      - Can we improve our process?
- 第五主题：识别顾客需求（概念开发的初步阶段）
  collapsed:: true
  - NPD（新产品开发）的市场调研
    - 定义：通过信息将消费者、顾客和公众与营销人员联系起来的功能
    - 目标：
      - 识别和定义市场营销机会和问题；
      - 生成、改进和评估市场营销行动；
      - 监测市场营销绩效；
      - 提高对市场营销过程的理解
    - 何时使用？
  - 从顾客那里收集原始数据 logseq.order-list-type:: number
    - 面谈：一个或多个开发团队成员与单个顾客讨论
    - 焦点小组：一个主持人与8至12位顾客进行两小时的讨论
    - 观察产品的使用情况
    - 调查：直邮或基于网络的问卷调查；
  - 将原始数据解读为顾客需求 logseq.order-list-type:: number
    - 然后，必须使用在步骤1中收集到的数据来表达顾客的需求，而不是以产品如何满足需求的方式来表达
    - 使用积极的、而非消极的措辞
    - 将需求表达为产品的属性
  - 将需求组织成层次结构 logseq.order-list-type:: number
    - 将需求分为以下部分：
      - 必备项 - “如果没有这个，我就不会购买”
      - 惊喜项 - “真是个意外的惊喜”
      - 线性满足项 - “越多越好”
      - 中立项 - “无关紧要”
    - 这是Kano分类
    - 消费者需求可能非常难以捉摸
    - 直觉经常是错误的
  - 确定需求的相对重要性 logseq.order-list-type:: number
    - 测量偏好是市场调研的核心
  - 反思结果和过程 logseq.order-list-type:: number
    - 需要问的问题：
      - 我们是否与目标市场中的所有重要顾客进行了互动？
      - 我们能否看到顾客在我们当前产品范围之外的潜在需求？
      - 我们能否在产品开发中进一步吸引任何顾客的参与？
      - 我们是否在组织中吸引了合适的人员？
      - 我们能否改进我们的流程？

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Topic 7: Innovation

Definition of Innovation

Types of Innovation

Models of Innovation

Characteristics of Innovative Companies

Strategies for Fostering a Culture of Innovation

Examples of Innovative Companies and Products

Further Resources

Topic 7 PDF 概述

涵盖的主题

主要观点

创新的定义

创新的类型

创新的模型

创新型公司的特点

培养创新文化的策略

创新型公司和产品的例子

进一步资源

Topic 8: Digital Transofrmation and Digital Products

主题 8

Topic 2: Project Management

主题 2

Topic 3: Opportunity Identification

主题 3：机会识别

Topic 5: Identify Customer Needs (Preliminary of Concept Development)

第五主题：识别顾客需求（概念开发的初步阶段）

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