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 						- 要购买的零件的规格
 						- The output of Phase 3 is the control documentation for the product¡ ·The control documentation is:l ·The drawings or computer files describing the geometry of each part to be made and its production toolingl ·The process descriptions for the fabrication and assembly of the productl· The specifications of the parts to be purchased
 					- 什么是原型 :-> “依据一个或多个方面的兴趣而得到的产品的近似品”(an approximation of the product along one or more dimensions of interest)a smallscale modeli.e.¡ ·Industrial designers produce prototypes of their concepts, such as models¡ ·Engineers prototype a design¡ ·Software developers write prototypeprogramsPrototyping is the process of developing such an approximation of the product
-					  a原型 (alpha prototype)通常用于评估产品是否按预期工作Are typically used to assess whether the product works as intended
-					  β原型 (beta prototype)通常用于评估可靠性和识别产品中的剩余缺陷Are typically used to assess reliability and to identify remaining bugs in the product
-					        ◦ Beta原型在内部进行了广泛的评估，并且通常由客户在他们自己的使用环境中进行测试测试原型的目标通常是回答关于性能和可靠性的问题，以便为最终产品确定必要的工程更改Beta prototypes are extensively evaluated internallyand are also typically tested by customers in their own use environment¡ The goal for the beta prototypes is usually to answer questions about performance and reliability in order to identify necessary engineering changes for the final product
-					  试产原型 (preproduction prototype)是整个公司生产的第一批产品生产过程Are the first products produced by the entire production process
-					  软件模型、硬件模型（Soft Models、Hard Models）
-					  控制模型和CAD模型Control Models and CAD Models从 CAD数据构建和匹配的模型产品的完整模型和完整详细的组成由于成本或时间短缺，该模型的组件将被简化或忽略· Model that is constructed and matched from CAD data·Complete model and fully detailed composition of the product·Component of this model will be simplified or neglected due to cost or time shortages
+						- a原型 (alpha prototype)通常用于评估产品是否按预期工作Are typically used to assess whether the product works as intended
+						- β原型 (beta prototype)通常用于评估可靠性和识别产品中的剩余缺陷Are typically used to assess reliability and to identify remaining bugs in the product
+							- ◦ Beta原型在内部进行了广泛的评估，并且通常由客户在他们自己的使用环境中进行测试测试原型的目标通常是回答关于性能和可靠性的问题，以便为最终产品确定必要的工程更改Beta prototypes are extensively evaluated internallyand are also typically tested by customers in their own use environment¡ The goal for the beta prototypes is usually to answer questions about performance and reliability in order to identify necessary engineering changes for the final product
+						- 试产原型 (preproduction prototype)是整个公司生产的第一批产品生产过程Are the first products produced by the entire production process
+					- 软件模型、硬件模型（Soft Models、Hard Models）
+					- 控制模型和CAD模型Control Models and CAD Models从 CAD数据构建和匹配的模型产品的完整模型和完整详细的组成由于成本或时间短缺，该模型的组件将被简化或忽略· Model that is constructed and matched from CAD data·Complete model and fully detailed composition of the product·Component of this model will be simplified or neglected due to cost or time shortages
 					  分支主题 6
-					- 什么是原型化（prototyping）：原型化是快速组装工作模型 (原型 )的过程，目的是测试设计的各个方面，阐明想法或功能，并收集早期用户反馈。Prototyping is the process of quickly putting together a working model (a prototype) in order to test various aspects of a design, illustrate ideas or featuresand gather early user feedback
-					  原型的作用Uses of Prototypes
-					  学习(learning):原型通常用于回答“它能否工作?”和“它满足消费者需求的程度如何?”。 当回答这类问题时，原型就作为学习的工具。Answering questions about performance or feasibility , such as“Will it work?”“How well does it meet the customer needs?”
-					  沟通（communication）沟通 (communication): 原型加强了开发团队与高层管理者、供应商、合作人、开发团队 扩展成员、消费者及投资者间的沟通。·Demonstration of a product to get feedbackfrom all stakeholders·A physical, tactile, 3D representation of aproduct is much easier to understand than averbal description or even a sketch of aproduct例子：以一个可见的、能 触知的三维图形来表现一个产品，比语言草图描述更易理解。在PackBot 概念开发中，通过利 用“可视、可感知”的原型，设计工程师、经理、供应商和顾客间的沟通得到加强。新的消 费者经常对PackBot 底盘过于狭小不满意，然而，实物模型清晰地展示了有限的空间。
-					  集成 integration 原型用于确保产品的子系统及组件能如预期的一样协同工作。综合化的实体原型在产品开发项目中作为集成工具最为有效，因为它们要求零件、各部件间协调，并与零件组成一个产品。要做出这样的原型，需产品开 发团队成员相互协作。如果产品任何组件的组合妨碍了 产品的整体功能，这一 问题只能在综合化的实体原型中 通过集成来检测。·Prototypes are used to ensure that componentsand subsystems of the product work together as expectedl ·Comprehensive physical prototypes are the most effective as integration tools in product development projects because they require the assembly and physical interconnection of all of the parts and subassemblies that make up a productl ·The integration of the prototype forces coordination between different members of the product development teaml ·For example: alpha or beta test models
-					  里程碑 milestones 尤其是在产品开发的后期，原型用于验证产品在功能上已达到期望水 平。里程碑原型提供可触知的目标，表明了进展情况，并用来加强进度安排。Provide goals for the development team’s schedule· Milestone prototypes are defined in the product development project plan这种原型的数量和它们的时间是整个开发计划的关键要素之一作为一个基本案例，开发团队应该考虑使用 alpha、 beta和预生产原型作为里程碑The number of such prototypes and their timingis one of the key elements of the overall development planl ·As a base case, the development team should consider using alpha, beta and pre-production prototypes as milestones¡ e.g. first testable hardware
-					  原型分类
-					  实体/解析
-					        ◦ 实体化physical实体化原型是可触知的制品，该制品是产品的一个近似品。开发团队 所感兴趣的产品的一些方面被实体化，用于检测和试验。实体化原型包括满足视觉的外观模 型、用于快速检测某一设想的概念证实型原型，以及用于证实产品功能的实验型原型Physical prototypes are tangible artefacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artefact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product例子：一个木制的玩具模型
-					        ◦ 解析化 analytical以一种无形的，通常是数学的方式产品有趣的方面是分析出来的，而不是构建出来的·Analytical prototypes represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built例子：数学分析、建模
-					        ◦ 分支主题 3
+					- 什么是原型化（prototyping）:-> 原型化是快速组装工作模型 (原型 )的过程，目的是测试设计的各个方面，阐明想法或功能，并收集早期用户反馈。Prototyping is the process of quickly putting together a working model (a prototype) in order to test various aspects of a design, illustrate ideas or featuresand gather early user feedback
+					- 原型的作用Uses of Prototypes
+						- 学习(learning):原型通常用于回答“它能否工作?”和“它满足消费者需求的程度如何?”。 当回答这类问题时，原型就作为学习的工具。Answering questions about performance or feasibility , such as“Will it work?”“How well does it meet the customer needs?”
+						- 沟通（communication）沟通 (communication): 原型加强了开发团队与高层管理者、供应商、合作人、开发团队 扩展成员、消费者及投资者间的沟通。·Demonstration of a product to get feedbackfrom all stakeholders·A physical, tactile, 3D representation of aproduct is much easier to understand than averbal description or even a sketch of aproduct例子：以一个可见的、能 触知的三维图形来表现一个产品，比语言草图描述更易理解。在PackBot 概念开发中，通过利 用“可视、可感知”的原型，设计工程师、经理、供应商和顾客间的沟通得到加强。新的消 费者经常对PackBot 底盘过于狭小不满意，然而，实物模型清晰地展示了有限的空间。
+						- 集成 integration 原型用于确保产品的子系统及组件能如预期的一样协同工作。综合化的实体原型在产品开发项目中作为集成工具最为有效，因为它们要求零件、各部件间协调，并与零件组成一个产品。要做出这样的原型，需产品开 发团队成员相互协作。如果产品任何组件的组合妨碍了 产品的整体功能，这一 问题只能在综合化的实体原型中 通过集成来检测。·Prototypes are used to ensure that componentsand subsystems of the product work together as expectedl ·Comprehensive physical prototypes are the most effective as integration tools in product development projects because they require the assembly and physical interconnection of all of the parts and subassemblies that make up a productl ·The integration of the prototype forces coordination between different members of the product development teaml ·For example: alpha or beta test models
+						  里程碑 milestones 尤其是在产品开发的后期，原型用于验证产品在功能上已达到期望水 平。里程碑原型提供可触知的目标，表明了进展情况，并用来加强进度安排。Provide goals for the development team’s schedule· Milestone prototypes are defined in the product development project plan这种原型的数量和它们的时间是整个开发计划的关键要素之一作为一个基本案例，开发团队应该考虑使用 alpha、 beta和预生产原型作为里程碑The number of such prototypes and their timingis one of the key elements of the overall development planl ·As a base case, the development team should consider using alpha, beta and pre-production prototypes as milestones¡ e.g. first testable hardware
+						  原型分类
+						  实体/解析
+						        ◦ 实体化physical实体化原型是可触知的制品，该制品是产品的一个近似品。开发团队 所感兴趣的产品的一些方面被实体化，用于检测和试验。实体化原型包括满足视觉的外观模 型、用于快速检测某一设想的概念证实型原型，以及用于证实产品功能的实验型原型Physical prototypes are tangible artefacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artefact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product例子：一个木制的玩具模型
+						        ◦ 解析化 analytical以一种无形的，通常是数学的方式产品有趣的方面是分析出来的，而不是构建出来的·Analytical prototypes represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built例子：数学分析、建模
+						        ◦ 分支主题 3
 					- 综合/专一
 					        ◦ 综合 (comprehensive)能完成产品的绝大多数属性。·Comprehensive prototypes implement most, if not all, of the attributes of a product¡ ·A comprehensive prototype corresponds closely to the everyday use of the work prototype – i.e. it is a full-scale, fully operational version of the product例子：β原型，用来给测试功能
 					        ◦ 专一化原型 (focused prototype)只履行(完成)产品的某个或某些属性。一个普遍的做法是用两个或多个专一化原型一起探查一个产品的所有性能。这些 原型包括外观 (looks-like)原型和工作原理 (works-like)原型。通过制造两个分离的专一化原型，开发团队可以比制造一个综合化原型更早地解决问题。·Focused prototypes implement one, or a few, of the attributes of a product¡· Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype