From f04d04e47a50bc9d23e19f4e195151b7ce23961a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ryan Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2023 17:23:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Auto saved by Logseq --- pages/总复习2023t1.md | 127 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-) diff --git a/pages/总复习2023t1.md b/pages/总复习2023t1.md index 066d9f7..3a2189a 100644 --- a/pages/总复习2023t1.md +++ b/pages/总复习2023t1.md @@ -2036,70 +2036,69 @@ - Spin-out通常是从大学或其他公司中分离出来的、基于某项技术或研究成果的企业项目，可能已经得到了某些技术或资金上的支持。而创业公司则是在任何地方创建的初创企业，不一定与任何大学或公司有直接关联。然而，如果一个Spin-out从大学或公司分离出来并作为一个独立的企业开始运营，那么它也可以被认为是一个创业公司。 - 企业家entrepreneur - 拥有一家新企业或合资企业，并且承担固有风险和后果的全部责任\nl ·has possession over a new enterprise or venture\nl ·assumes full accountability for the inherent risks \nand the outcome - 企业家精神/创业行为 Entrepreneurship - - 它指的是个人或团队通过创造新的商业机会、设计并开发新产品或服务、组织资源和着手实现创新的一系列行动和过程。 ·Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new\norganisations or revitalizing mature organisations,\nl ·particularly new businesses - generally in \nresponse to identified opportunities - 两种创新/企业家精神 - 社会（social）\n目的在造福社会而不是去赚钱，包括商业、公众等，如扶贫、环境、文化与艺术\n·Aim is to create social change rather than\nmake money Often involves business, public & charity organisations\n·Examples\nl poverty relief\nl environment\nl arts & culture - 技术 Technological\n·目标是获得独立性，以利用某项技术。\n·经常是由于在大公司中受挫而导致的。\n·Aim is to gain independence to exploit\na technology\n·Often results from being frustrated in a\nlarge company - 影响成功创业的因素 - 支持创业的组织 - business incubators 企业孵化 - science parks 科学园区 -  Non-Government Organisations - government - 小企业会面临的风险 - 努力工作，自己做大多数决定涉及相当大的风险融资成本高没有规模经济 Hard work, making most decisions on your own Considerable risks involved Costly to raise finance No economies of scale - 创业的优劣势 - 早期决定 - 什么类型的业务–type of business - 可扩展的全球技术公司有长期R&D计划的生物技术企业具有中期增长计划的制造工厂互联网服务商生活方式商业 Scalable, global technology player Biotech business with long-term R&D plans Manufacturing facility with medium growth plans Service provider Lifestyle business - 什么形式的所有权——如个体经营者？ - 营销商 Sole Trader - 我也没太理解为什么说是不合法的？？\n我感觉这个就有点类似于个体 - 伙伴关系 Partnership - 两个或两个以上的人结合资源，形成合伙关系 双方(或多方)之间存在合同。\n条款包括: \n各合伙人认缴的出资额 \n如何确定利润并在合伙人之间分配 \n合伙人的工资分配 \n合伙企业的解散程序 Two or more people combine resources and form\na partnership Contract exists between the two (or more) parties;\nterms include:\nl The amount of capital subscribed by each\npartner\nl How profits will be determined and allocated\nbetween partners\nl Salary allocation for the partners\nl Procedure for dissolving the partnership\n\n比如说你想开一家茶百道的奶茶店，你和茶百道总公司就构成了加盟关系。也比较类似于你和同伴合伙开一家公司，按照技术、资金投入占比进行股权分配和分红。当然要考虑到如果你不想在这个公司干了该怎么把钱拿回来，这就是退出机制（解散程序） - 有限责任公司 Limited Company - 在这种情况下，有限意味着所有者不再对其公司的债务承担无限责任 在美国，这些被称为股份有限公司所有公司都有在公司投资的股东 所有公司都有董事，他们是由股东选出来管理公司的\n·Limited in this instance meaning that the owners no \nlonger have unlimited liability for the debts of their \ncompanies \n·In the US, these are known as incorporated \ncompanies \n·All companies have shareholders who have \ninvested in the company \n· All companies have directors who are selected by \nthe shareholders to run the company\n\n公司所有者的个人财产和资产是与公司完全独立的，这意味着企业的债务不会由个人承担，仅限于承担其所持有的股份投资。这种特殊的财务安排可以帮助创业者控制风险并保护个人财产不受经营活动的影响。 - 你是被技术驱动还是被市场驱动？ - 市场驱动型就是根据市场需求来设计产品。技术驱动型就是发明出来一个技术后看这个技术能运用在哪，然后告诉用户这个技术有多棒 - 谁是你的客户？ - B2C (business to consumer)\nB2B (business to business) - 高科技创新企业是怎么样走到一起的 - 技术知识产权(保护)愿景(技术能引领到哪里？有市场吗人事部门\n科学领袖\n业务经理\n资金筹集者\n科学家/工程师金钱\n·Technology Intellectual Property (Protection) The Vision (Where can the technology lead? Is there \na market for it) Personnel\nl Scientific leaders\nl Business managers\nl Fund Raisers\nl Scientists/Engineers Money - 创建高新企业的阶段\nThe stages for creating a hitech start-up - 1.评估机会-产生、评估和提炼商业概念 \nassess the opportunities - generate, evaluate & \nrefine the business concept - 2.制定商业计划并决定合资企业的结构 \nDevelop the business plan and decide on the \nstructure of the venture - 3.获得必要的资源和资金 \nAcquire the necessary resources and funding - 筹资阶段 fund-raising stage - 投资前期 Pre-investment\n大学基金、朋友、银行贷款 5k- 50k\n构建演示者，构建商业计划\nPre-investment \n·University fund, friends, bank loan  £5k-£50k \n build demonstrator, build business plan \n\nPre-investment（前投资）阶段通常通过大学基金、亲友关系或银行贷款等方式筹集资金，金额在5,000英镑至50,000英镑之间。这个阶段主要用于制作展示装置（demonstrator）并编制商业计划。 - A轮Round A\n天使投资，或特别启动基金 \n10万至50万 \n建立董事会、部分高管团队 \n5 - 10名员工\nl Angels, or special startup funds \nl £100k-£500k \nl Establish board, partial executive team \nl 5 - 10 employees - B轮 \n风险投资\n1米至5米 \n完整的董事会和高管团队。扩展到20+\nl Venture Capital\nl £1M-£5M\nl Complete board and exec team. Expand to 20+ - 风险投资VCs(Venture Capitalists) - 收集资金(例如从养老基金)然后将这些资金投资到创业公司的公司追求高风险、高回报价值需要大幅提升10倍或更多在公司股权中持有大量股份预计只有十分之一的人会成功\n A company that collects funds (e.g. from pension \nfunds) and then invests those funds in startups Go for high-risk, high reward Need very large uplift in value, 10 times or more Take large stake in company equity Expect only 1 in 10 to succeed - 退出阶段 exit\nExit阶段（退出阶段）是指企业从一个环节成功转向下一个环节，或者从某一市场上成功退出。在创业公司中，Exit通常是指公司被收购或上市交易。 - 筹资过程 - Elevator pitch/executive summary: 简短陈述/执行摘要； - Business plan, presentation, management team: 商业计划、演示文稿、管理团队； - Business plan的两个基本功能 - 1.通过规划公司未来的发展方向和制定战略来指导公司。 \nGuiding the company by charting its future course \nand defining its strategy for following it.（内部） - 2.吸引将提供所需资本的贷款人和投资者。Attracting lenders and investors who will provide needed capital.（外部） - 什么是商业计划 - 你计划进入的市场\n你对这个市场贡献的独特和引人注目的特点\n知识产权\n商业模式和财务\n团队和公司发展与战略\n投资主张\n退出策略\nl The market you plan to enter\nl The unique and compelling features of your \ncontribution to this market\nl Intellectual property\nl Business model and Financials\nl Team and Company development \nand strategy\nl Investment proposition\nl Exit strategy - 为什么需要商业计划 - 在公司创始人之间提供一份关于未来发展方向的正式协议 可以减少创始人的自欺欺人 定义责任和奖励 帮助将抽象的目标转化为明确的目标\nA business plan… provides a formal agreement between the \nfounders of a company about the direction to be \ntaken can reduce self-delusion amongst the founders defines responsibilities & rewards helps to translate abstract goals into explicit\noperational needs - 商业模式（如何赚钱） - 商业计划的关键要素 - 标题页和目录行动纲要愿景和使命陈述公司历史商业和工业概况商业策略产品/服务描述市场战略\n记录市场索赔\n显示客户兴趣竞争对手分析管理团队的描述业务计划预计财务报表贷款或投资建议 Title Page and Table of Contents Executive Summary Vision and Mission Statement Company History Business and Industry Profile Business Strategy Description of Products/Services Marketing Strategy\nl Document market claims\nl Show customer interest Competitor Analysis Description of Management Team Plan of Operation Projected Financial Statements Loan or Investment Proposa - 准备商业计划的技巧 - 确保你的计划有一个吸引人的封面。(第一印象至关重要。)去掉你计划中所有的拼写和语法错误。让你的计划在视觉上吸引人。包括一个目录，让读者可以轻松地浏览您的计划。让它变得有趣。你的计划必须证明生意会赚钱(不一定马上赚钱，但最终会赚钱)。使用电子表格生成财务预测。总是包括现金流预测。保持你的计划“简洁”——25到40页长。永远说实话。\n Make sure your plan has an attractive cover. (First impressions are crucial.) Rid your plan of all spelling and grammatical errors. Make your plan visually appealing. Include a table of contents to allow readers to navigate your plan easily. Make it interesting Your plan must prove that the business will \nmake money (not necessarily immediately, \nbut eventually). Use spreadsheets to generate financial \nforecasts. Always include cash flow projections. Keep your plan “crisp” – between 25 and 40 pages long. Tell the truth – always. \n - Business survey: 商业调查； - Due diligence: 尽职调查； - Valuation, ownership, control, legal issues: 估值、所有权、控制权、法律问题； - FUNDING: 融资。 - 4.成长和收获风险\nGrow and harvest the venture - 企业失败的原因 - 缺乏技能\n销售问题\n财务控制\n缺乏资金\n融资成本高\n破产的顾客\n过度交易开发\n营销问题\n官僚主义\n\nl lack of skills\nl sales problem\nl financial control\nl lack of funds\nl high cost of finance\nl insolvent customers\nl overtrading development\nl marketing issues\nl red tape (bureaucracy) + - 企业家精神/创业行为 Entrepreneurship + - 它指的是个人或团队通过创造新的商业机会、设计并开发新产品或服务、组织资源和着手实现创新的一系列行动和过程。 ·Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new\norganisations or revitalizing mature organisations,\nl ·particularly new businesses - generally in \nresponse to identified opportunities + - 两种创新/企业家精神 + - 社会（social）\n目的在造福社会而不是去赚钱，包括商业、公众等，如扶贫、环境、文化与艺术\n·Aim is to create social change rather than\nmake money Often involves business, public & charity organisations\n·Examples\nl poverty relief\nl environment\nl arts & culture + - 技术 Technological\n·目标是获得独立性，以利用某项技术。\n·经常是由于在大公司中受挫而导致的。\n·Aim is to gain independence to exploit\na technology\n·Often results from being frustrated in a\nlarge company + - 影响成功创业的因素 + - 支持创业的组织 + - business incubators 企业孵化 + - science parks 科学园区 + - Non-Government Organisations + - government + - 小企业会面临的风险 + - 努力工作，自己做大多数决定涉及相当大的风险融资成本高没有规模经济 Hard work, making most decisions on your own Considerable risks involved Costly to raise finance No economies of scale + - 创业的优劣势 + - 早期决定 + - 什么类型的业务–type of business + - 可扩展的全球技术公司有长期R&D计划的生物技术企业具有中期增长计划的制造工厂互联网服务商生活方式商业 Scalable, global technology player Biotech business with long-term R&D plans Manufacturing facility with medium growth plans Service provider Lifestyle business + - 什么形式的所有权——如个体经营者？ + - 营销商 Sole Trader + 我也没太理解为什么说是不合法的？？\n我感觉这个就有点类似于个体 + 伙伴关系 Partnership + 两个或两个以上的人结合资源，形成合伙关系 双方(或多方)之间存在合同。\n条款包括: \n各合伙人认缴的出资额 \n如何确定利润并在合伙人之间分配 \n合伙人的工资分配 \n合伙企业的解散程序 Two or more people combine resources and form\na partnership Contract exists between the two (or more) parties;\nterms include:\nl The amount of capital subscribed by each\npartner\nl How profits will be determined and allocated\nbetween partners\nl Salary allocation for the partners\nl Procedure for dissolving the partnership\n\n比如说你想开一家茶百道的奶茶店，你和茶百道总公司就构成了加盟关系。也比较类似于你和同伴合伙开一家公司，按照技术、资金投入占比进行股权分配和分红。当然要考虑到如果你不想在这个公司干了该怎么把钱拿回来，这就是退出机制（解散程序） + 有限责任公司 Limited Company + 在这种情况下，有限意味着所有者不再对其公司的债务承担无限责任 在美国，这些被称为股份有限公司所有公司都有在公司投资的股东 所有公司都有董事，他们是由股东选出来管理公司的\n·Limited in this instance meaning that the owners no \nlonger have unlimited liability for the debts of their \ncompanies \n·In the US, these are known as incorporated \ncompanies \n·All companies have shareholders who have \ninvested in the company \n· All companies have directors who are selected by \nthe shareholders to run the company\n\n公司所有者的个人财产和资产是与公司完全独立的，这意味着企业的债务不会由个人承担，仅限于承担其所持有的股份投资。这种特殊的财务安排可以帮助创业者控制风险并保护个人财产不受经营活动的影响。 + 你是被技术驱动还是被市场驱动？ + 市场驱动型就是根据市场需求来设计产品。技术驱动型就是发明出来一个技术后看这个技术能运用在哪，然后告诉用户这个技术有多棒 + 谁是你的客户？ + B2C (business to consumer)\nB2B (business to business) + 高科技创新企业是怎么样走到一起的 + 技术知识产权(保护)愿景(技术能引领到哪里？有市场吗人事部门\n科学领袖\n业务经理\n资金筹集者\n科学家/工程师金钱\n·Technology Intellectual Property (Protection) The Vision (Where can the technology lead? Is there \na market for it) Personnel\nl Scientific leaders\nl Business managers\nl Fund Raisers\nl Scientists/Engineers Money + 创建高新企业的阶段\nThe stages for creating a hitech start-up + 1.评估机会-产生、评估和提炼商业概念 \nassess the opportunities - generate, evaluate & \nrefine the business concept + 2.制定商业计划并决定合资企业的结构 \nDevelop the business plan and decide on the \nstructure of the venture + 3.获得必要的资源和资金 \nAcquire the necessary resources and funding + 筹资阶段 fund-raising stage + 投资前期 Pre-investment\n大学基金、朋友、银行贷款 5k- 50k\n构建演示者，构建商业计划\nPre-investment \n·University fund, friends, bank loan  £5k-£50k \n build demonstrator, build business plan \n\nPre-investment（前投资）阶段通常通过大学基金、亲友关系或银行贷款等方式筹集资金，金额在5,000英镑至50,000英镑之间。这个阶段主要用于制作展示装置（demonstrator）并编制商业计划。 + A轮Round A\n天使投资，或特别启动基金 \n10万至50万 \n建立董事会、部分高管团队 \n5 - 10名员工\nl Angels, or special startup funds \nl £100k-£500k \nl Establish board, partial executive team \nl 5 - 10 employees + B轮 \n风险投资\n1米至5米 \n完整的董事会和高管团队。扩展到20+\nl Venture Capital\nl £1M-£5M\nl Complete board and exec team. Expand to 20+ + 风险投资VCs(Venture Capitalists) + 收集资金(例如从养老基金)然后将这些资金投资到创业公司的公司追求高风险、高回报价值需要大幅提升10倍或更多在公司股权中持有大量股份预计只有十分之一的人会成功\n A company that collects funds (e.g. from pension \nfunds) and then invests those funds in startups Go for high-risk, high reward Need very large uplift in value, 10 times or more Take large stake in company equity Expect only 1 in 10 to succeed + 退出阶段 exit\nExit阶段（退出阶段）是指企业从一个环节成功转向下一个环节，或者从某一市场上成功退出。在创业公司中，Exit通常是指公司被收购或上市交易。 + 筹资过程 + Elevator pitch/executive summary: 简短陈述/执行摘要； + Business plan, presentation, management team: 商业计划、演示文稿、管理团队； + Business plan的两个基本功能 + 1.通过规划公司未来的发展方向和制定战略来指导公司。 \nGuiding the company by charting its future course \nand defining its strategy for following it.（内部） + 2.吸引将提供所需资本的贷款人和投资者。Attracting lenders and investors who will provide needed capital.（外部） + 什么是商业计划 + 你计划进入的市场\n你对这个市场贡献的独特和引人注目的特点\n知识产权\n商业模式和财务\n团队和公司发展与战略\n投资主张\n退出策略\nl The market you plan to enter\nl The unique and compelling features of your \ncontribution to this market\nl Intellectual property\nl Business model and Financials\nl Team and Company development \nand strategy\nl Investment proposition\nl Exit strategy + 为什么需要商业计划 + 在公司创始人之间提供一份关于未来发展方向的正式协议 可以减少创始人的自欺欺人 定义责任和奖励 帮助将抽象的目标转化为明确的目标\nA business plan… provides a formal agreement between the \nfounders of a company about the direction to be \ntaken can reduce self-delusion amongst the founders defines responsibilities & rewards helps to translate abstract goals into explicit\noperational needs + 商业模式（如何赚钱） + 商业计划的关键要素 + 标题页和目录行动纲要愿景和使命陈述公司历史商业和工业概况商业策略产品/服务描述市场战略\n记录市场索赔\n显示客户兴趣竞争对手分析管理团队的描述业务计划预计财务报表贷款或投资建议 Title Page and Table of Contents Executive Summary Vision and Mission Statement Company History Business and Industry Profile Business Strategy Description of Products/Services Marketing Strategy\nl Document market claims\nl Show customer interest Competitor Analysis Description of Management Team Plan of Operation Projected Financial Statements Loan or Investment Proposa + 准备商业计划的技巧 + 确保你的计划有一个吸引人的封面。(第一印象至关重要。)去掉你计划中所有的拼写和语法错误。让你的计划在视觉上吸引人。包括一个目录，让读者可以轻松地浏览您的计划。让它变得有趣。你的计划必须证明生意会赚钱(不一定马上赚钱，但最终会赚钱)。使用电子表格生成财务预测。总是包括现金流预测。保持你的计划“简洁”——25到40页长。永远说实话。\n Make sure your plan has an attractive cover. (First impressions are crucial.) Rid your plan of all spelling and grammatical errors. Make your plan visually appealing. Include a table of contents to allow readers to navigate your plan easily. Make it interesting Your plan must prove that the business will \nmake money (not necessarily immediately, \nbut eventually). Use spreadsheets to generate financial \nforecasts. Always include cash flow projections. Keep your plan “crisp” – between 25 and 40 pages long. Tell the truth – always. \n + Business survey: 商业调查； + Due diligence: 尽职调查； + Valuation, ownership, control, legal issues: 估值、所有权、控制权、法律问题； + FUNDING: 融资。 + 4.成长和收获风险\nGrow and harvest the venture + 企业失败的原因 + 缺乏技能\n销售问题\n财务控制\n缺乏资金\n融资成本高\n破产的顾客\n过度交易开发\n营销问题\n官僚主义\n\nl lack of skills\nl sales problem\nl financial control\nl lack of funds\nl high cost of finance\nl insolvent customers\nl overtrading development\nl marketing issues\nl red tape (bureaucracy) - ## Topic 19 - LATER 概率论 (隔了一个周末) collapsed:: true