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- 知识产权分类 - 知识产权分类
- 专利 (patent):专利是政府向发明人授予的暂时垄断权，以排除他人使用该发明。在美国，专利有效期自其存档日期起共20年。“ 专利是个人或组织与国家之间的契约”专利是由政府授予的有限时间的垄断，作为交换，它向公众传授新的有用的知识 其目的是通过授予临时垄断来鼓励一个经济体内部的创造力和创新·a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention ¡ ·“a patent is a contract between an individual or organisation and the state¡· A patent is a limited-time monopoly, granted by government, in exchange for teaching the public new and useful knowledge ¡ ·The aim is to encourage creativity and innovation within an economy by granting a temporary monopolyThis means that individuals and organisations will know that any l· idea that is created from their R&D investment will be protected (if patentable), and l ·any Return On Investment (ROI) will be received by them and not others（也就是说个人和组织将知道他们所研发的想法将得到保护，同时任何投资回报（ROI）将由他们获得，而不是别人） - 专利 (patent):专利是政府向发明人授予的暂时垄断权，以排除他人使用该发明。在美国，专利有效期自其存档日期起共20年。“ 专利是个人或组织与国家之间的契约”专利是由政府授予的有限时间的垄断，作为交换，它向公众传授新的有用的知识 其目的是通过授予临时垄断来鼓励一个经济体内部的创造力和创新·a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention ¡ ·“a patent is a contract between an individual or organisation and the state¡· A patent is a limited-time monopoly, granted by government, in exchange for teaching the public new and useful knowledge ¡ ·The aim is to encourage creativity and innovation within an economy by granting a temporary monopolyThis means that individuals and organisations will know that any l· idea that is created from their R&D investment will be protected (if patentable), and l ·any Return On Investment (ROI) will be received by them and not others（也就是说个人和组织将知道他们所研发的想法将得到保护，同时任何投资回报（ROI）将由他们获得，而不是别人）
- ◦ 专利分类 #flashcard - ◦ 专利分类 #flashcard
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- ▪ 设计专利(design patent)设计专利提供了一种法定权利，可以排除其他人用与设 计专利中描述的相同的装饰性设计来生产和销售一件产品。设计专利可以被看成是一件产品 装饰性设计的“版权”。 - ▪ 设计专利(design patent)设计专利提供了一种法定权利，可以排除其他人用与设 计专利中描述的相同的装饰性设计来生产和销售一件产品。设计专利可以被看成是一件产品 装饰性设计的“版权”。
- ▪ 实用新型专利 (utility patent)美国法律允许为与下列事物有关的发明申请专利：新工艺、机器、制品、合成物，以及对 上述事物新的和有用的改进。Patents are granted to individuals and organisations who can lay claim to a new product or manufacturing process, or to an improvement of an existing product or process that was not previously known（只用记这个） - ▪ 实用新型专利 (utility patent)美国法律允许为与下列事物有关的发明申请专利：新工艺、机器、制品、合成物，以及对 上述事物新的和有用的改进。Patents are granted to individuals and organisations who can lay claim to a new product or manufacturing process, or to an improvement of an existing product or process that was not previously known（只用记这个）
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- • 法律要求被授予专利的发明的要求、特点 ：Patents – Requirements - • 法律要求被授予专利的发明的要求、特点 ：Patents – Requirements
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- ◦ 工业应用Industrial application如果发明可以是机器、产品或工艺，则该发明应被视为能够进行工业应用专利是关于产品 /工艺的，因此最终目标是行业应用。即被授予专利的发明必须在某种情况下对某些人有用·The invention shall be taken to be capable of industrial application if it can be a machine, product or processl ·Patents are about products/processes and therefore the final aim is industry application (unlike, for example, PhD research) - ◦ 工业应用Industrial application如果发明可以是机器、产品或工艺，则该发明应被视为能够进行工业应用专利是关于产品 /工艺的，因此最终目标是行业应用。即被授予专利的发明必须在某种情况下对某些人有用·The invention shall be taken to be capable of industrial application if it can be a machine, product or processl ·Patents are about products/processes and therefore the final aim is industry application (unlike, for example, PhD research)
- ◦ 新颖 (novel): 新颖的发明是还没有公开的，在现有产品、出版物或先前专利中未见的发明。新颖性的定义还与实际发明的披露有关。·‘an invention shall be taken as to be new if it does not form part of the ‘state of the art’ – the Patent Act 1977 section 2(1) (UK) ¡ ·A state of the art is defined as “all matter, in other words, publications, written or oral or even anticipated which will render a patent invalid在英国，如果你要申请一个专利，它必须从未在公众里出现过 - ◦ 新颖 (novel): 新颖的发明是还没有公开的，在现有产品、出版物或先前专利中未见的发明。新颖性的定义还与实际发明的披露有关。·‘an invention shall be taken as to be new if it does not form part of the ‘state of the art’ – the Patent Act 1977 section 2(1) (UK) ¡ ·A state of the art is defined as “all matter, in other words, publications, written or oral or even anticipated which will render a patent invalid在英国，如果你要申请一个专利，它必须从未在公众里出现过
- ◦ 创造性步骤Inventive step当对本领域技术人员来说不显而易见时，发明应被视为包括创造性步骤‘an invention shall be taken to involve an inventive step when it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art ‘ - ◦ 创造性步骤Inventive step当对本领域技术人员来说不显而易见时，发明应被视为包括创造性步骤‘an invention shall be taken to involve an inventive step when it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art ‘
- ◦ 专利的花费The cost of patents - ◦ 专利的花费The cost of patents
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- ▪ 所需缴纳年费Annual fees required :-> 可能很贵组织必须权衡成本和收益l ·Can be expensivel ·Organisations have to weigh up the cost vs the benefits（如果一个专利需要每年交很贵的专利费，但是无法投入生产的话就会导致亏损） - ▪ 所需缴纳年费Annual fees required :-> 可能很贵组织必须权衡成本和收益l ·Can be expensivel ·Organisations have to weigh up the cost vs the benefits（如果一个专利需要每年交很贵的专利费，但是无法投入生产的话就会导致亏损）
- ▪ 专利代理人Patent agents :-> 拥有科学知识或者法律知识的专家必须有专家来准备专利并检查他人侵权行为l ·Experts who have scientific or engineering and legal knowledge l· Experts will have to be paid to prepare patents and check for infringements by others - ▪ 专利代理人Patent agents :-> 拥有科学知识或者法律知识的专家必须有专家来准备专利并检查他人侵权行为l ·Experts who have scientific or engineering and legal knowledge l· Experts will have to be paid to prepare patents and check for infringements by others
- ▪ 法院费用Court fees :-> 只拥有专利没有意义，除非能执行它可能意味着有昂贵的诉讼费l ·There is no point in having a patent unless you enforce itl ·This can mean expensive litigation in national courts - ▪ 法院费用Court fees :-> 只拥有专利没有意义，除非能执行它可能意味着有昂贵的诉讼费l ·There is no point in having a patent unless you enforce itl ·This can mean expensive litigation in national courts
- ◦ 关键术语Patents – Key Terms - ◦ 关键术语Patents – Key Terms
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- ▪ 上诉权Offensive right :-> 要求专利所有人起诉侵权者，这很贵，专利侵权不会导致自动罚款，只有专利所有人会监督其他组织或个人的行为 requires that the patent owner sues the infringer l· This is expensive l· Patent infringement does not lead to an automatic fine, only the patent owner polices the actions of other organisations or individuals（也就是说如果别人侵犯了你的专利权，不会自动对他罚款，只有你发现并上诉了才能对他进行罚款） - ▪ 上诉权Offensive right :-> 要求专利所有人起诉侵权者，这很贵，专利侵权不会导致自动罚款，只有专利所有人会监督其他组织或个人的行为 requires that the patent owner sues the infringer l· This is expensive l· Patent infringement does not lead to an automatic fine, only the patent owner polices the actions of other organisations or individuals（也就是说如果别人侵犯了你的专利权，不会自动对他罚款，只有你发现并上诉了才能对他进行罚款）
- ▪ 现有技术Prior art :-> 专利中描述的发明，无论是否是要求保护的发明的一部分，都被法律系统认为是公知的an invention described in a patent, whether part of the claimed invention or not, is considered by the legal system to be known publicly - ▪ 现有技术Prior art :-> 专利中描述的发明，无论是否是要求保护的发明的一部分，都被法律系统认为是公知的an invention described in a patent, whether part of the claimed invention or not, is considered by the legal system to be known publicly
- ▪ 防御性权利Defensive right :-> 以专利形式公开现有技术是对所有者的防御性保护。它可以阻止竞争对手为公开的发明申请专利。因此，尽早申请很重要·the disclosure of this prior art in the form of the patent is a defensive protection for the owner – it can block a competitor from patenting the disclosed inventionl· Therefore it is important to apply early（比如现在有一项技术，你和你的竞争对手都在研究。如果你提前把这个技术申请专利的话，那么这个技术就归你所有，别人就不能用或者用了要给你交钱，这样就能在技术上占据优势，来保护自己的公司。由于专利是先到先得，所以如果别人先申请了的话你就申请不了了） - ▪ 防御性权利Defensive right :-> 以专利形式公开现有技术是对所有者的防御性保护。它可以阻止竞争对手为公开的发明申请专利。因此，尽早申请很重要·the disclosure of this prior art in the form of the patent is a defensive protection for the owner – it can block a competitor from patenting the disclosed inventionl· Therefore it is important to apply early（比如现在有一项技术，你和你的竞争对手都在研究。如果你提前把这个技术申请专利的话，那么这个技术就归你所有，别人就不能用或者用了要给你交钱，这样就能在技术上占据优势，来保护自己的公司。由于专利是先到先得，所以如果别人先申请了的话你就申请不了了）
- ◦ 专利地域性：国际专利条约一般是指，在决定谁在其他国家享有优先权时，以你在自己国家的申请日为申请日 - ◦ 专利地域性：国际专利条约一般是指，在决定谁在其他国家享有优先权时，以你在自己国家的申请日为申请日
- ◦ 专利的好处 #flashcard - ◦ 专利的好处 #flashcard
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- ▪ 在专利期限内，只有所有者 (个人或组织 )才能从发明中受益。专利所有者可以自己在法商业上利用他们的想，也可以向其他机构收取专利使用费，从而找到一个替代收入来源。这在组织没有资源或市场知识来开发与专利相关的发明时特别有用·Only the owner (individual or organisation) can benefit from the invention for the duration of the patent·Patent owners can commercially exploit their ideas themselves or they can charge other organisations to use their patent – thereby identifying an alternative source of income¡ ·This is particularly useful where an organisation does not have the resources or market knowledge toexploit the invention associated with the patent（比如使用专利权/专有技术使用权入股） - ▪ 在专利期限内，只有所有者 (个人或组织 )才能从发明中受益。专利所有者可以自己在法商业上利用他们的想，也可以向其他机构收取专利使用费，从而找到一个替代收入来源。这在组织没有资源或市场知识来开发与专利相关的发明时特别有用·Only the owner (individual or organisation) can benefit from the invention for the duration of the patent·Patent owners can commercially exploit their ideas themselves or they can charge other organisations to use their patent – thereby identifying an alternative source of income¡ ·This is particularly useful where an organisation does not have the resources or market knowledge toexploit the invention associated with the patent（比如使用专利权/专有技术使用权入股）
- ◦ 专利限制 - ◦ 专利限制
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- ▪ 原则上，必须申请专利。申请专利的国家为了享有专利保护，专利申请应符合形式和实质要求，专利发明应向公众公开。这些要求在法律上和技术上可能很复杂，遵守这些要求通常需要法律专家的帮助。如果专利侵权，就要由专利所有人在法庭上为专利辩护，这对小企业来说可能非常昂贵，而且通常是不可能的。保持专利有效需要年费¡ ·A patent must be applied for, in principle, in each country in which you seek patent ¡ ·In order to enjoy patent protection, an application for a patent shall comply with both formal and substantive requirements, and a patented invention shall be disclosed to the public¡· These requirements can be legally and technically complex, and their compliance often requires a legal expert’s assistance ¡ ·It is up to the patent owner to defend a patent in the courts if there is infringement, which can prove very expensive and often impossible for a small business¡ ·Annual fees are needed to keep the patent in force首先是专利申请很难，你要符合专利申请的条件。其次申请后的专利应该向共中披露，对于有些公司来说可能不愿意公开。而专利又是个很复杂的事情，不仅要有技术专家还得请法律专家。如果侵权诉讼你要支付一笔昂贵的律师费用和其他费用，而且一般来说专利侵权能难界定，并且很难打官司同时每年还得上交专利年费。 - ▪ 原则上，必须申请专利。申请专利的国家为了享有专利保护，专利申请应符合形式和实质要求，专利发明应向公众公开。这些要求在法律上和技术上可能很复杂，遵守这些要求通常需要法律专家的帮助。如果专利侵权，就要由专利所有人在法庭上为专利辩护，这对小企业来说可能非常昂贵，而且通常是不可能的。保持专利有效需要年费¡ ·A patent must be applied for, in principle, in each country in which you seek patent ¡ ·In order to enjoy patent protection, an application for a patent shall comply with both formal and substantive requirements, and a patented invention shall be disclosed to the public¡· These requirements can be legally and technically complex, and their compliance often requires a legal expert’s assistance ¡ ·It is up to the patent owner to defend a patent in the courts if there is infringement, which can prove very expensive and often impossible for a small business¡ ·Annual fees are needed to keep the patent in force首先是专利申请很难，你要符合专利申请的条件。其次申请后的专利应该向共中披露，对于有些公司来说可能不愿意公开。而专利又是个很复杂的事情，不仅要有技术专家还得请法律专家。如果侵权诉讼你要支付一笔昂贵的律师费用和其他费用，而且一般来说专利侵权能难界定，并且很难打官司同时每年还得上交专利年费。
- ◦ 专利里的内容 #flashcard - ◦ 专利里的内容 #flashcard
- ▪ ·发明领域描述解决的问题·Describe the problem addressed¡ collapsed:: true
- ▪ ·发明领域¡ ·Field of the inventionl ¡ ·
- 描述解决的问题·Describe the problem addressed¡
- 发明背景·Background of the invention - 发明背景·Background of the invention
- 描述“现有技术” Describe the “prior art” - 描述“现有技术” Describe the “prior art”
- 列出优于现有方法的优势·ll List advantages over existing methods - 列出优于现有方法的优势·ll List advantages over existing methods
- 发明内容· - 发明内容·Summary of the invention
- 详细描述最佳模式 - 详细描述最佳模式Detailed descriptionl Best mode
- :实现本发明的最佳方式使用示例和实施模式· - :实现本发明的最佳方式使用示例和实施模式·the best way to implement the invention Examples of use and modes of implementation
- 要求这项发明到底是什么 - 要求这项发明到底是什么 Claims What exactly is the invention
- ¡ ·Field of the inventionl ¡ ·Summary of the invention¡· Detailed descriptionl Best mode: the best way to implement the inventionl Examples of use and modes of implementation¡ ·Claimsl What exactly is the invention - ◦ 申请专利的六个步骤 #flashcard
- ◦ 申请专利的六个步骤 #flashcard collapsed:: true
- ![image.png](../assets/image_1686824439230_0.png) - ![image.png](../assets/image_1686824439230_0.png)
- 商标 (trademark): 商标是政府授予商标拥有人的、与一类产品或服务相关的特定名 称或标志的排他性使用权。商标的基本功能是专门识别产品或服务的来源或原产地，因此它是原产地标记与商业形象、商誉密切相关。商标专用权产生于与商品和服务有关的标志的使用，它持续 10年，之后只要没有异议，它可以反复更新¡· The essential function of a trademark is to exclusively identify the source or origin of products or services, so it serves as a badge of origin¡ ·Closely associates with business image, goodwilland reputation¡ ·Trademark exclusive rights arise from the use of the sign in relation to goods and services, it lasts 10years after which it can be renewed repeatedly for as long as there are no objections - 商标 (trademark): 商标是政府授予商标拥有人的、与一类产品或服务相关的特定名 称或标志的排他性使用权。商标的基本功能是专门识别产品或服务的来源或原产地，因此它是原产地标记与商业形象、商誉密切相关。商标专用权产生于与商品和服务有关的标志的使用，它持续 10年，之后只要没有异议，它可以反复更新¡· The essential function of a trademark is to exclusively identify the source or origin of products or services, so it serves as a badge of origin¡ ·Closely associates with business image, goodwilland reputation¡ ·Trademark exclusive rights arise from the use of the sign in relation to goods and services, it lasts 10years after which it can be renewed repeatedly for as long as there are no objections
- ◦ 注册商标的法律要求 - ◦ 注册商标的法律要求
- ▪ 注册的法律要求 : - ▪ 注册的法律要求 :