From a71d22ffdf86192fb3602e39e6865182eff0efbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ryan Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2023 16:47:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Auto saved by Logseq --- pages/总复习2023t1.md | 16 +++++++++------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/pages/总复习2023t1.md b/pages/总复习2023t1.md index 04bf4dd..bad2b21 100644 --- a/pages/总复习2023t1.md +++ b/pages/总复习2023t1.md @@ -1990,15 +1990,17 @@ - 里程碑 milestones 尤其是在产品开发的后期，原型用于验证产品在功能上已达到期望水 平。里程碑原型提供可触知的目标，表明了进展情况，并用来加强进度安排。Provide goals for the development team’s schedule· Milestone prototypes are defined in the product development project plan这种原型的数量和它们的时间是整个开发计划的关键要素之一作为一个基本案例，开发团队应该考虑使用 alpha、 beta和预生产原型作为里程碑The number of such prototypes and their timingis one of the key elements of the overall development planl ·As a base case, the development team should consider using alpha, beta and pre-production prototypes as milestones¡ e.g. first testable hardware - 原型分类 - 实体/解析 - - ◦ 实体化physical实体化原型是可触知的制品，该制品是产品的一个近似品。开发团队 所感兴趣的产品的一些方面被实体化，用于检测和试验。实体化原型包括满足视觉的外观模 型、用于快速检测某一设想的概念证实型原型，以及用于证实产品功能的实验型原型Physical prototypes are tangible artefacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artefact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product例子：一个木制的玩具模型 - - ◦ 解析化 analytical以一种无形的，通常是数学的方式产品有趣的方面是分析出来的，而不是构建出来的·Analytical prototypes represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built例子：数学分析、建模 - ◦ 分支主题 3 + - Physical prototypes are :-> tangible artifacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artifact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product例子：一个木制的玩具模型 + - Analytical prototypes :-> represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built例子：数学分析、建模 - 综合/专一 - - ◦ 综合 (comprehensive)能完成产品的绝大多数属性。·Comprehensive prototypes implement most, if not all, of the attributes of a product¡ ·A comprehensive prototype corresponds closely to the everyday use of the work prototype – i.e. it is a full-scale, fully operational version of the product例子：β原型，用来给测试功能 - - ◦ 专一化原型 (focused prototype)只履行(完成)产品的某个或某些属性。一个普遍的做法是用两个或多个专一化原型一起探查一个产品的所有性能。这些 原型包括外观 (looks-like)原型和工作原理 (works-like)原型。通过制造两个分离的专一化原型，开发团队可以比制造一个综合化原型更早地解决问题。·Focused prototypes implement one, or a few, of the attributes of a product¡· Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype - - 分支主题 3 + - ◦ 综合 (comprehensive) :-> 能完成产品的绝大多数属性。·Comprehensive prototypes implement most, if not all, of the attributes of a product¡ ·A comprehensive prototype corresponds closely to the everyday use of the work prototype – i.e. it is a full-scale, fully operational version of the product例子：β原型，用来给测试功能 + - ◦ 专一化原型 (focused prototype) :-> 只履行(完成)产品的某个或某些属性。一个普遍的做法是用两个或多个专一化原型一起探查一个产品的所有性能。这些 原型包括外观 (looks-like)原型和工作原理 (works-like)原型。通过制造两个分离的专一化原型，开发团队可以比制造一个综合化原型更早地解决问题。·Focused prototypes implement one, or a few, of the attributes of a product¡· Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype - 选择原型类型的原则 - ·分析原型通常比物理原型更灵活 ·需要物理原型来检测意料之外的现象 ·原型可以降低高成本迭代的风险 ·原型可以加速其他开发步骤 ¡ ·Analytical prototypes are in general moreflexible than physical prototypes¡ ·Physical prototypes are required to detectunanticipated phenomena¡ ·Prototypes may reduce the risk of costlyiterations¡ ·Prototypes may expedite other developmentsteps¡ ·A prototype may restructure task dependencies示例 :在零件设计 -模具设计 -成型流程中添加原型制作步骤 原型可以重构任务依赖关系 + - ·分析原型通常比物理原型更灵活 · + - 需要物理原型来检测意料之外的现象 · + - 原型可以降低高成本迭代的风险 · + - 原型可以加速其他开发步骤 ¡ · + - Analytical prototypes are in general moreflexible than physical prototypes¡ ·Physical prototypes are required to detectunanticipated phenomena¡ ·Prototypes may reduce the risk of costlyiterations¡ ·Prototypes may expedite other developmentsteps¡ ·A prototype may restructure task dependencies示例 :在零件设计 -模具设计 -成型流程中添加原型制作步骤 原型可以重构任务依赖关系 - 市场、技术风险还有综合模型成本之间的关系：总结起来就是技术、市场风险越高，制作的模型就越多。综合模型制造成本越高，制作的模型就越少。（即风险和模型数量成正比，成本和模型数量成反比） - 制定原型计划（四步） 界定原型的目的·define the purpose of the prototype原型的四个目的是：学习、沟通、集成和里程碑。在界定原型目的的过程中，开发团队列出具体的学习与沟通需求，也列出了集成需求以及这一原型是否作为整个产品开发项目中的一个里程碑。l ·The team lists its specific learning andcommunication needsl ·Team members also¡ ·list any integration needs¡· decide whether or not the prototype isintended to be one of the major milestonesof the overall product development project例子：车轮原型的目的是决定车轮的抗震性能和安全性能。虽然学习原型的目的专注于性能，但开发团队还是要考虑材料的制造成本，其中，很多材料是不可铸造的，必须机加。