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- -
- ## ==Topic 12 / 13: Detail Design and Prototypes== - ## ==Topic 12 / 13: Detail Design and Prototypes==
deck:: 2023t1/product/t12 deck:: 2023t1/product/t12
collapsed:: true
- 此阶段的部门职责是 #flashcard - 此阶段的部门职责是 #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-8ccf-4d7e-854d-5a9e89be62b0 id:: 648afdb9-8ccf-4d7e-854d-5a9e89be62b0
collapsed:: true
- ·营销Marketing - ·营销Marketing
- 制定营销计划 ·Develop marketing plan - 制定营销计划 ·Develop marketing plan
- 设计Design ¡ - 设计Design ¡
@ -2155,30 +2153,24 @@
- Design tooling 设计工装 - Design tooling 设计工装
- Define quality assurance processes 定义质量保证流程 - Define quality assurance processes 定义质量保证流程
- 阶段 3 的输出是产品的控制文档,The output of Phase 3 is the control documentation for the product - 阶段 3 的输出是产品的控制文档,The output of Phase 3 is the control documentation for the product
collapsed:: true
- 控制文件是The control documentation is: #flashcard - 控制文件是The control documentation is: #flashcard
id:: 648aff42-4eb9-44ef-a2b0-eb30eb9ca2c4 id:: 648aff42-4eb9-44ef-a2b0-eb30eb9ca2c4
collapsed:: true
- :描述要制造的每个零件的几何形状及其生产工具的图纸或计算机文件The drawings or computer files describing the geometry of each part to be made and its production tooling - :描述要制造的每个零件的几何形状及其生产工具的图纸或计算机文件The drawings or computer files describing the geometry of each part to be made and its production tooling
- 制造的过程描述和The process descriptions for the fabrication and - 制造的过程描述和The process descriptions for the fabrication and
- 产品的组装 assembly of the product - 产品的组装 assembly of the product
- 要购买的零件的规格· The specifications of the parts to be purchased - 要购买的零件的规格· The specifications of the parts to be purchased
- 什么是原型 :-> “依据一个或多个方面的兴趣而得到的产品的近似品”(*an approximation of the product* along one or more dimensions of interest)a smallscale modeli.e.¡ ·Industrial designers produce prototypes of their concepts, such as models¡ ·Engineers prototype a design¡ ·Software developers write prototypeprogramsPrototyping is the process of developing such an approximation of the product - 什么是原型 :-> “依据一个或多个方面的兴趣而得到的产品的近似品”(*an approximation of the product* along one or more dimensions of interest)a small scale modeling.¡ ·Industrial designers produce prototypes of their concepts, such as models¡ ·Engineers prototype a design¡ ·Software developers write prototype programs Prototyping is the process of developing such an approximation of the product
id:: 648adeaf-406c-446a-a293-4823cd212018 id:: 648adeaf-406c-446a-a293-4823cd212018
collapsed:: true
- a 原型 (alpha prototype) :-> 通常用于评估产品是否按预期工作 Are typically used to assess whether the product works as intended - a 原型 (alpha prototype) :-> 通常用于评估产品是否按预期工作 Are typically used to assess whether the product works as intended
id:: 648afdb9-4329-42c6-92eb-eb05e682abbb id:: 648afdb9-4329-42c6-92eb-eb05e682abbb
- β 原型 (beta prototype) :-> 通常用于评估可靠性和识别产品中的剩余缺陷 Are typically used to assess reliability and to identify remaining bugs in the product - β 原型 (beta prototype) :-> 通常用于评估可靠性和识别产品中的剩余缺陷 Are typically used to assess reliability and to identify remaining bugs in the product
id:: 648afdb9-58e5-4934-bd39-d2bd66f0d417 id:: 648afdb9-58e5-4934-bd39-d2bd66f0d417
collapsed:: true - ◦ Beta 原型在内部进行了广泛的评估，并且通常由客户在他们自己的使用环境中进行测试测试原型的目标通常是回答关于性能和可靠性的问题，以便为最终产品确定必要的工程更改 Beta prototypes are extensively evaluated internally and are also typically tested by customers in their own use environment¡ The goal for the beta prototypes is usually to answer questions about performance and reliability in order to identify necessary engineering changes for the final product
- ◦ Beta 原型在内部进行了广泛的评估，并且通常由客户在他们自己的使用环境中进行测试测试原型的目标通常是回答关于性能和可靠性的问题，以便为最终产品确定必要的工程更改 Beta prototypes are extensively evaluated internallyand are also typically tested by customers in their own use environment¡ The goal for the beta prototypes is usually to answer questions about performance and reliability in order to identify necessary engineering changes for the final product
- 试产原型 (preproduction prototype)是整个公司生产的第一批产品生产过程 Are the first products produced by the entire production process - 试产原型 (preproduction prototype)是整个公司生产的第一批产品生产过程 Are the first products produced by the entire production process
- 软件模型、硬件模型（Soft Models、Hard Models） #flashcard - 软件模型、硬件模型（Soft Models、Hard Models） #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-8f45-41e1-b289-04400b5e90e6 id:: 648afdb9-8f45-41e1-b289-04400b5e90e6
collapsed:: true
![image.png](../assets/image_1686840524822_0.png) ![image.png](../assets/image_1686840524822_0.png)
- Soft model - Soft model
collapsed:: true
- Rough modelling, Use to assess the overall size, proportion, - Rough modelling, Use to assess the overall size, proportion,
and shape of many proposed concepts / and shape of many proposed concepts /
ideas ideas
@ -2187,7 +2179,6 @@
- Reshaped and refined by hand to explore - Reshaped and refined by hand to explore
and improve its quality and improve its quality
- Hard model - Hard model
collapsed:: true
- Technically non-functional yet a replicas or - Technically non-functional yet a replicas or
copies of the final design copies of the final design
- Sometimes made from wood, dense foam, - Sometimes made from wood, dense foam,
@ -2195,7 +2186,6 @@
- Have some “working” features such as - Have some “working” features such as
button that push or sliders that move button that push or sliders that move
- 控制模型和 CAD 模型 Control Models and CAD Models - 控制模型和 CAD 模型 Control Models and CAD Models
collapsed:: true
- 从 CAD 数据构建和匹配的模型Model that is constructed and matched from CAD data - 从 CAD 数据构建和匹配的模型Model that is constructed and matched from CAD data
- 产品的完整模型和完整详细的组成Complete model and fully detailed composition of the product - 产品的完整模型和完整详细的组成Complete model and fully detailed composition of the product
- 由于成本或时间短缺，该模型的组件将被简化或忽略· ··Component of this model will be simplified or neglected due to cost or time shortages - 由于成本或时间短缺，该模型的组件将被简化或忽略· ··Component of this model will be simplified or neglected due to cost or time shortages
@ -2205,34 +2195,28 @@
id:: 648b168d-0c56-4fb0-a5fd-d24a5bb8c06a id:: 648b168d-0c56-4fb0-a5fd-d24a5bb8c06a
- 原型的作用 Uses of Prototypes #flashcard - 原型的作用 Uses of Prototypes #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-f8f5-4bfc-8062-62b71f0af4be id:: 648afdb9-f8f5-4bfc-8062-62b71f0af4be
collapsed:: true
- 学习(learning):原型通常用于回答“它能否工作?”和“它满足消费者需求的程度如何?”。 当回答这类问题时，原型就作为学习的工具。Answering questions about performance or feasibility , such as“Will it work?”“How well does it meet the customer needs?” - 学习(learning):原型通常用于回答“它能否工作?”和“它满足消费者需求的程度如何?”。 当回答这类问题时，原型就作为学习的工具。Answering questions about performance or feasibility , such as“Will it work?”“How well does it meet the customer needs?”
- 沟通（communication）沟通 (communication): 原型加强了开发团队与高层管理者、供应商、合作人、开发团队 扩展成员、消费者及投资者间的沟通。·Demonstration of a product to get feedbackfrom all stakeholders·A physical, tactile, 3D representation of aproduct is much easier to understand than averbal description or even a sketch of aproduct 例子：以一个可见的、能 触知的三维图形来表现一个产品，比语言草图描述更易理解。在 PackBot 概念开发中，通过利 用“可视、可感知”的原型，设计工程师、经理、供应商和顾客间的沟通得到加强。新的消 费者经常对 PackBot 底盘过于狭小不满意，然而，实物模型清晰地展示了有限的空间。 - 沟通（communication）沟通 (communication): 原型加强了开发团队与高层管理者、供应商、合作人、开发团队 扩展成员、消费者及投资者间的沟通。·Demonstration of a product to get feedbackfrom all stakeholders·A physical, tactile, 3D representation of aproduct is much easier to understand than averbal description or even a sketch of aproduct 例子：以一个可见的、能 触知的三维图形来表现一个产品，比语言草图描述更易理解。在 PackBot 概念开发中，通过利 用“可视、可感知”的原型，设计工程师、经理、供应商和顾客间的沟通得到加强。新的消 费者经常对 PackBot 底盘过于狭小不满意，然而，实物模型清晰地展示了有限的空间。
- 集成 integration  原型用于确保产品的子系统及组件能如预期的一样协同工作。综合化的实体原型在产品开发项目中作为集成工具最为有效，因为它们要求零件、各部件间协调，并与零件组成一个产品。要做出这样的原型，需产品开 发团队成员相互协作。如果产品任何组件的组合妨碍了 产品的整体功能，这一 问题只能在综合化的实体原型中 通过集成来检测。·Prototypes are used to ensure that componentsand subsystems of the product work together as expectedl ·Comprehensive physical prototypes are the most effective as integration tools in product development projects because they require the assembly and physical interconnection of all of the parts and subassemblies that make up a productl ·The integration of the prototype forces coordination between different members of the product development teaml ·For example: alpha or beta test models - 集成 integration  原型用于确保产品的子系统及组件能如预期的一样协同工作。综合化的实体原型在产品开发项目中作为集成工具最为有效，因为它们要求零件、各部件间协调，并与零件组成一个产品。要做出这样的原型，需产品开 发团队成员相互协作。如果产品任何组件的组合妨碍了 产品的整体功能，这一 问题只能在综合化的实体原型中 通过集成来检测。·Prototypes are used to ensure that componentsand subsystems of the product work together as expectedl ·Comprehensive physical prototypes are the most effective as integration tools in product development projects because they require the assembly and physical interconnection of all of the parts and subassemblies that make up a productl ·The integration of the prototype forces coordination between different members of the product development teaml ·For example: alpha or beta test models
- 里程碑 milestones  尤其是在产品开发的后期，原型用于验证产品在功能上已达到期望水 平。里程碑原型提供可触知的目标，表明了进展情况，并用来加强进度安排。Provide goals for the development team’s schedule· Milestone prototypes are defined in the product development project plan 这种原型的数量和它们的时间是整个开发计划的关键要素之一作为一个基本案例，开发团队应该考虑使用 alpha、 beta 和预生产原型作为里程碑 The number of such prototypes and their timingis one of the key elements of the overall development planl ·As a base case, the development team should consider using alpha, beta and pre-production prototypes as milestones¡ e.g. first testable hardware - 里程碑 milestones  尤其是在产品开发的后期，原型用于验证产品在功能上已达到期望水 平。里程碑原型提供可触知的目标，表明了进展情况，并用来加强进度安排。Provide goals for the development team’s schedule· Milestone prototypes are defined in the product development project plan 这种原型的数量和它们的时间是整个开发计划的关键要素之一作为一个基本案例，开发团队应该考虑使用 alpha、 beta 和预生产原型作为里程碑 The number of such prototypes and their timingis one of the key elements of the overall development planl ·As a base case, the development team should consider using alpha, beta and pre-production prototypes as milestones¡ e.g. first testable hardware
- 原型分类 #flashcard - 原型分类 #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-5d76-4273-af44-f89d6adc854e id:: 648afdb9-5d76-4273-af44-f89d6adc854e
collapsed:: true
- 实体/解析 #flashcard - 实体/解析 #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-e204-4ec9-ad13-a1a2a89e7cbb id:: 648afdb9-e204-4ec9-ad13-a1a2a89e7cbb
collapsed:: true
- Physical prototypes are :-> tangible artifacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artifact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product 例子：一个木制的玩具模型 - Physical prototypes are :-> tangible artifacts created to approximate the product ¡ ·Aspects of the product of interest to the development team are actually built into an artifact for testing and experimentation ¡· Examples of physical prototypes include l ·models which look and feel like the product l ·proof-of-concept prototypes used to test an idea quickly l· experimental hardware used to validate the functionality of a product 例子：一个木制的玩具模型
id:: 648adea3-30f6-4214-ab85-0a41dbfffa93 id:: 648adea3-30f6-4214-ab85-0a41dbfffa93
- Analytical prototypes :-> represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built 例子：数学分析、建模 - Analytical prototypes :-> represent the product in a non-tangible, usually mathematical, manner¡ ·Interesting aspects of the product are analysed, rather than built 例子：数学分析、建模
id:: 648adea3-43b4-4c38-8202-edd69837cf83 id:: 648adea3-43b4-4c38-8202-edd69837cf83
- 综合/专一 #flashcard - 综合/专一 #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-046b-4558-b7db-116856c4b577 id:: 648afdb9-046b-4558-b7db-116856c4b577
collapsed:: true
- ◦ 综合 (comprehensive) :-> 能完成产品的绝大多数属性。·Comprehensive prototypes implement most, if not all, of the attributes of a product¡ ·A comprehensive prototype corresponds closely to the everyday use of the work prototype – i.e. it is a full-scale, fully operational version of the product 例子：β 原型，用来给测试功能 - ◦ 综合 (comprehensive) :-> 能完成产品的绝大多数属性。·Comprehensive prototypes implement most, if not all, of the attributes of a product¡ ·A comprehensive prototype corresponds closely to the everyday use of the work prototype – i.e. it is a full-scale, fully operational version of the product 例子：β 原型，用来给测试功能
id:: 648adea3-d8ea-4659-a743-2089ecce3d97 id:: 648adea3-d8ea-4659-a743-2089ecce3d97
- ◦ 专一化原型 (focused prototype) :-> 只履行(完成)产品的某个或某些属性。 - ◦ 专一化原型 (focused prototype) :-> 只履行(完成)产品的某个或某些属性。
id:: 648acfc3-52b6-457c-be20-de52d48db117 id:: 648acfc3-52b6-457c-be20-de52d48db117
extra:: Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype extra:: Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype
collapsed:: true
- 一个普遍的做法是用两个或多个专一化原型一起探查一个产品的所有性能。这些 原型包括外观 (looks-like)原型和工作原理 (works-like)原型。通过制造两个分离的专一化原型，开发团队可以比制造一个综合化原型更早地解决问题。·Focused prototypes implement one, or a few, of the attributes of a product¡· Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype - 一个普遍的做法是用两个或多个专一化原型一起探查一个产品的所有性能。这些 原型包括外观 (looks-like)原型和工作原理 (works-like)原型。通过制造两个分离的专一化原型，开发团队可以比制造一个综合化原型更早地解决问题。·Focused prototypes implement one, or a few, of the attributes of a product¡· Examples of focused prototypes include foam models toexplore the form of a product and wire wrapped circuit boards to investigate the electronic performance of product design¡ ·A common practice is to use two or more focused prototypes together to investigate the overallperformance of a product·By building two separate focused prototypes, the team may be able to answer its questions much earlier than if it had to create one comprehensive prototype
- 选择原型类型的原则 #flashcard - 选择原型类型的原则 #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-30b3-4b79-9261-098c21872aa1 id:: 648afdb9-30b3-4b79-9261-098c21872aa1
collapsed:: true
- ·分析原型通常比物理原型更灵活 ·Analytical prototypes are in general moreflexible than physical prototypes - ·分析原型通常比物理原型更灵活 ·Analytical prototypes are in general moreflexible than physical prototypes
- 需要物理原型来检测意料之外的现象 ·Physical prototypes are required to detect unanticipated phenomena - 需要物理原型来检测意料之外的现象 ·Physical prototypes are required to detect unanticipated phenomena
- 原型可以降低高成本迭代的风险 ·Prototypes may reduce the risk of costly iterations - 原型可以降低高成本迭代的风险 ·Prototypes may reduce the risk of costly iterations
@ -2242,23 +2226,19 @@
id:: 648afdb9-9b3e-464e-a381-6b6270c64efd id:: 648afdb9-9b3e-464e-a381-6b6270c64efd
- 制定原型计划（四步） #flashcard - 制定原型计划（四步） #flashcard
id:: 648adeaf-4219-4f20-a6fb-d82381a36dd7 id:: 648adeaf-4219-4f20-a6fb-d82381a36dd7
collapsed:: true
- 界定原型的目的·define the purpose of the prototype 原型的四个目的是：学习、沟通、集成和里程碑。在界定原型目的的过程中，开发团队列出具体的学习与沟通需求，也列出了集成需求以及这一原型是否作为整个产品开发项目中的一个里程碑。l ·The team lists its specific learning andcommunication needsl ·Team members also¡ ·list any integration needs¡· decide whether or not the prototype isintended to be one of the major milestonesof the overall product development project 例子：车轮原型的目的是决定车轮的抗震性能和安全性能。虽然学习原型的目的专注于性能，但开发团队还是要考虑材料的制造成本，其中，很多材料是不可铸造的，必须机加。 - 界定原型的目的·define the purpose of the prototype 原型的四个目的是：学习、沟通、集成和里程碑。在界定原型目的的过程中，开发团队列出具体的学习与沟通需求，也列出了集成需求以及这一原型是否作为整个产品开发项目中的一个里程碑。l ·The team lists its specific learning andcommunication needsl ·Team members also¡ ·list any integration needs¡· decide whether or not the prototype isintended to be one of the major milestonesof the overall product development project 例子：车轮原型的目的是决定车轮的抗震性能和安全性能。虽然学习原型的目的专注于性能，但开发团队还是要考虑材料的制造成本，其中，很多材料是不可铸造的，必须机加。
- 建立原型的近似水平 Establish the level of approximation of the prototype 对原型进行计划需要确定原型与最终产品的相似程度。开发团队应考虑一个实体化原型是否必需，或一个解析化原型能否最好地满足它的要求。在大多数情况下，最好的原型是那个满足步骤 1 所设定目的的最简单原型 The degree to which the final product will be approximated in the prototype must be defined l The team should consider whether a physical prototype is necessary or whether an analytical prototype would best meet its needs 例子:对于车轮原型，团队要根据冲击效果来决定车轮的材料和几何形状。然而，车轮的其他 方面可能被忽视，包括生产方法(铸模或者机加)、驾驶系统的附件和铁轨带、车轮的颜色和 整体造型等。团队中一名成员先前就研究了轮辐弯曲效果的解析化原型，她认为原型的物理 特征对于确认她的分析很有必要。她发现抗震效果和车轮力量之间存在一个基本的取舍关系， 因为抗震需要轮辐柔韧，而车轮力量需要车轮尺寸更大。因此，团队使用解析型原型和物理原型来决定轮辐的尺寸。 - 建立原型的近似水平 Establish the level of approximation of the prototype 对原型进行计划需要确定原型与最终产品的相似程度。开发团队应考虑一个实体化原型是否必需，或一个解析化原型能否最好地满足它的要求。在大多数情况下，最好的原型是那个满足步骤 1 所设定目的的最简单原型 The degree to which the final product will be approximated in the prototype must be defined l The team should consider whether a physical prototype is necessary or whether an analytical prototype would best meet its needs 例子:对于车轮原型，团队要根据冲击效果来决定车轮的材料和几何形状。然而，车轮的其他 方面可能被忽视，包括生产方法(铸模或者机加)、驾驶系统的附件和铁轨带、车轮的颜色和 整体造型等。团队中一名成员先前就研究了轮辐弯曲效果的解析化原型，她认为原型的物理 特征对于确认她的分析很有必要。她发现抗震效果和车轮力量之间存在一个基本的取舍关系， 因为抗震需要轮辐柔韧，而车轮力量需要车轮尺寸更大。因此，团队使用解析型原型和物理原型来决定轮辐的尺寸。
- 制定实验大纲 Outline an experimental plan 大多数情况下，在产品开发中使用原型可以看成一个实验。好的实验有助于从原型化活动 中获取最大价值。实验计划包括确认各种实验变量、测试草案、进行哪些测试的指示以及分 析最终数据的计划。当必须探索许多变量时，有效的实验设计将极大地加快这一进程。·The use of a prototype in product development can be thought of as an experimentl ·Good experimental practice helps to make sure that you get the maximum value from the prototyping activity 例子：对于车轮原型测试，团队决定只改变轮辐的材料和网的几何形状。根据解析化原型，团队 选择了两种样式的轮辐，每种轮辐又选择了 6 种材料，总共进行了 12 次实验。团队设计了一 个结实的平台，每个车轮被安装后由不同的高度落入平台，通过观察平台的受重就可以测试 车轮传递给 PackBot 的冲击力。在完成所有的实验后，相关人员会观察车轮落下的损伤，包括 裂纹和塑性变形，然后再提高一个高度进行测试。这些测试的结果不仅可以用来选择最好的轮辐几何和材料，而且可以改善车轮的物理解析化原型。 - 制定实验大纲 Outline an experimental plan 大多数情况下，在产品开发中使用原型可以看成一个实验。好的实验有助于从原型化活动 中获取最大价值。实验计划包括确认各种实验变量、测试草案、进行哪些测试的指示以及分 析最终数据的计划。当必须探索许多变量时，有效的实验设计将极大地加快这一进程。·The use of a prototype in product development can be thought of as an experimentl ·Good experimental practice helps to make sure that you get the maximum value from the prototyping activity 例子：对于车轮原型测试，团队决定只改变轮辐的材料和网的几何形状。根据解析化原型，团队 选择了两种样式的轮辐，每种轮辐又选择了 6 种材料，总共进行了 12 次实验。团队设计了一 个结实的平台，每个车轮被安装后由不同的高度落入平台，通过观察平台的受重就可以测试 车轮传递给 PackBot 的冲击力。在完成所有的实验后，相关人员会观察车轮落下的损伤，包括 裂纹和塑性变形，然后再提高一个高度进行测试。这些测试的结果不仅可以用来选择最好的轮辐几何和材料，而且可以改善车轮的物理解析化原型。
- 制定采购、建造和测试的时间表 Create a schedule for procurement,construction and testing 因为建造和测试一个原型可以看作整体开发项目内的一个子项目，因此，开发团队会从制 定原型化活动计划中获益。对于一个原型计划，有三个日期特别重要：第一，部件可装配的日期(这一 日期有时被称为“部件水桶 (bucket of part)”日期);第二，原型进行首次测试的日 期(这一 日期有时被称为“冒烟实验 (smoke test)”日期，因为在这天，开发团队将首次在产品中通电并在电器系统中“寻找烟”);第三，完成测试并产生最终结果的日期。Three dates are particularly important in defining a prototyping effort¡ ·The team defines when the parts will be ready to assemble¡ ·The team defines the date when the prototype will first be tested¡ ·The team defines the date when it expects to have completed testing and produced the final results - 制定采购、建造和测试的时间表 Create a schedule for procurement,construction and testing 因为建造和测试一个原型可以看作整体开发项目内的一个子项目，因此，开发团队会从制 定原型化活动计划中获益。对于一个原型计划，有三个日期特别重要：第一，部件可装配的日期(这一 日期有时被称为“部件水桶 (bucket of part)”日期);第二，原型进行首次测试的日 期(这一 日期有时被称为“冒烟实验 (smoke test)”日期，因为在这天，开发团队将首次在产品中通电并在电器系统中“寻找烟”);第三，完成测试并产生最终结果的日期。Three dates are particularly important in defining a prototyping effort¡ ·The team defines when the parts will be ready to assemble¡ ·The team defines the date when the prototype will first be tested¡ ·The team defines the date when it expects to have completed testing and produced the final results
- 好处 Benefits of prototyping #flashcard - 好处 Benefits of prototyping #flashcard
id:: 648afdb9-5c43-4adb-b7a9-45fcd8b28d74 id:: 648afdb9-5c43-4adb-b7a9-45fcd8b28d74
collapsed:: true
- Reduce **uncertainty** - Reduce **uncertainty**
- Make models with a **defined purpose** - Make models with a **defined purpose**
- Consider **multiple forms** of prototypes - Consider **multiple forms** of prototypes
- Choose the **timing** of prototype cycles - Choose the **timing** of prototype cycles
collapsed:: true
- Many early models are used validate concepts - Many early models are used validate concepts
- Relatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration - Relatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration
- Plan time to **learn** from prototype cycles - Plan time to **learn** from prototype cycles
collapsed:: true
- Avoid hardware swamp :-> where you keep building different ways out of a problem without stopping to think - Avoid hardware swamp :-> where you keep building different ways out of a problem without stopping to think
id:: 648ad0cb-1e77-4481-aac5-15be286baaad id:: 648ad0cb-1e77-4481-aac5-15be286baaad
- DONE Week4 - DONE Week4