From 30c6778800e0149db471cc5ef88473d43026241a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ryan Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2023 17:01:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Auto saved by Logseq --- pages/总复习2023t1.md | 21 ++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/pages/总复习2023t1.md b/pages/总复习2023t1.md index 740739a..38686cd 100644 --- a/pages/总复习2023t1.md +++ b/pages/总复习2023t1.md @@ -1958,6 +1958,7 @@ - 首先是基本的相互作用关系 (fundamental interaction), 它与 示意图中连接各组件的那些线条相对应。例如， 一张纸从纸张托盘移动到打印装置中，因为 这种基本的相互作用关系是系统运行的基础，所以，在最早设计示意图时就应该计划好，并 要很好地加以理解。其次是附属的相互作用关系 (incidental interaction), 它是功能单元特定的 实体设置或组件之间具体的几何排列造成的。例如，纸张托盘中的传动器所引起的震动会干 扰打印墨盒在X 轴的精确定位。 It is most likely that a different person or group will be assigned to design each chunk ¡ Because the chunks interact with one another in both planned and unintended ways, these different groups will have to coordinate their activities and exchange information ¡ To manage this coordination process better, the team should identify the known interactions between chunks during the system-level design phase There are two categories of interaction l Fundamental ¡ Those which correspond to the lines on the schematic that connect the chunks to one another ¡ These are the fundamental interactions of the systems operation l Incidental ¡ Those that arise because of l the particular physical implementation of functional elements, or l because of the geometric arrangement of the chunks ¡ An incidental interaction graph is used to document this type of interaction, see next slide - - ## Topic 12 / 13: Detail Design and Prototypes + collapsed:: true - 此阶段的部门职责是 collapsed:: true - ·营销 @@ -2012,21 +2013,23 @@ - Analytical prototypes are in general moreflexible than physical prototypes¡ ·Physical prototypes are required to detectunanticipated phenomena¡ ·Prototypes may reduce the risk of costlyiterations¡ ·Prototypes may expedite other developmentsteps¡ ·A prototype may restructure task dependencies示例 :在零件设计 -模具设计 -成型流程中添加原型制作步骤 原型可以重构任务依赖关系 - 市场、技术风险还有综合模型成本之间的关系：总结起来就是技术、市场风险越高，制作的模型就越多。综合模型制造成本越高，制作的模型就越少。（**即风险和模型数量成正比，成本和模型数量成反比）** - 制定原型计划（四步） #flashcard + collapsed:: true - 界定原型的目的·define the purpose of the prototype原型的四个目的是：学习、沟通、集成和里程碑。在界定原型目的的过程中，开发团队列出具体的学习与沟通需求，也列出了集成需求以及这一原型是否作为整个产品开发项目中的一个里程碑。l ·The team lists its specific learning andcommunication needsl ·Team members also¡ ·list any integration needs¡· decide whether or not the prototype isintended to be one of the major milestonesof the overall product development project例子：车轮原型的目的是决定车轮的抗震性能和安全性能。虽然学习原型的目的专注于性能，但开发团队还是要考虑材料的制造成本，其中，很多材料是不可铸造的，必须机加。 - 建立原型的近似水平Establish the level of approximation of the prototype对原型进行计划需要确定原型与最终产品的相似程度。开发团队应考虑一个实体化原型是否必需，或一个解析化原型能否最好地满足它的要求。在大多数情况下，最好的原型是那个满足步骤1所设定目的的最简单原型The degree to which the final product will be approximated in the prototype must be defined l The team should consider whether a physical prototype is necessary or whether an analytical prototype would best meet its needs例子:对于车轮原型，团队要根据冲击效果来决定车轮的材料和几何形状。然而，车轮的其他 方面可能被忽视，包括生产方法(铸模或者机加)、驾驶系统的附件和铁轨带、车轮的颜色和 整体造型等。团队中一名成员先前就研究了轮辐弯曲效果的解析化原型，她认为原型的物理 特征对于确认她的分析很有必要。她发现抗震效果和车轮力量之间存在一个基本的取舍关系， 因为抗震需要轮辐柔韧，而车轮力量需要车轮尺寸更大。因此，团队使用解析型原型和物理原型来决定轮辐的尺寸。 - 制定实验大纲Outline an experimental plan大多数情况下，在产品开发中使用原型可以看成一个实验。好的实验有助于从原型化活动 中获取最大价值。实验计划包括确认各种实验变量、测试草案、进行哪些测试的指示以及分 析最终数据的计划。当必须探索许多变量时，有效的实验设计将极大地加快这一进程。·The use of a prototype in product development can be thought of as an experimentl ·Good experimental practice helps to make sure that you get the maximum value from the prototyping activity例子：对于车轮原型测试，团队决定只改变轮辐的材料和网的几何形状。根据解析化原型，团队 选择了两种样式的轮辐，每种轮辐又选择了6种材料，总共进行了12次实验。团队设计了一 个结实的平台，每个车轮被安装后由不同的高度落入平台，通过观察平台的受重就可以测试 车轮传递给 PackBot的冲击力。在完成所有的实验后，相关人员会观察车轮落下的损伤，包括 裂纹和塑性变形，然后再提高一个高度进行测试。这些测试的结果不仅可以用来选择最好的轮辐几何和材料，而且可以改善车轮的物理解析化原型。 - 制定采购、建造和测试的时间表Create a schedule for procurement,construction and testing因为建造和测试一个原型可以看作整体开发项目内的一个子项目，因此，开发团队会从制 定原型化活动计划中获益。对于一个原型计划，有三个日期特别重要：第一，部件可装配的日期(这一 日期有时被称为“部件水桶 (bucket of part)”日期);第二，原型进行首次测试的日 期(这一 日期有时被称为“冒烟实验 (smoke test)”日期，因为在这天，开发团队将首次在产品中通电并在电器系统中“寻找烟”);第三，完成测试并产生最终结果的日期。Three dates are particularly important in defining a prototyping effort¡ ·The team defines when the parts will be ready to assemble¡ ·The team defines the date when the prototype will first be tested¡ ·The team defines the date when it expects to have completed testing and produced the final results - 整体步骤就是 :-> 1.确定目的 2.建立原型的近似水平，看是否有必要，或者要测试哪些方面 3.确定实验大纲 4.指定日期 - - 好处 - - Reduce uncertainty - - Make models with a defined purpose - - Consider multiple forms of prototypes - - Choose the timing of prototype cycles - - Many early models are used validate concepts - - Relatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration - - Plan time to learn from prototype cycles - - Avoid hardware swamp :-> where you keep building different ways out of a problem without stopping to think + - 好处 + - Reduce uncertainty + - Make models with a defined purpose + - Consider multiple forms of prototypes + - Choose the timing of prototype cycles + - Many early models are used validate concepts + - Relatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration + - Plan time to learn from prototype cycles + - Avoid hardware swamp :-> where you keep building different ways out of a problem without stopping to think - DONE Week4 + - - LATER 概率论 (隔了一个周末) collapsed:: true SCHEDULED: <2023-06-19 Mon>