- In Java, the `this` keyword is a reference to the current object within a non-static method or constructor. It represents the instance of the class on which the method or constructor is being called.
- When a class is instantiated to create an object, that object has its own set of instance variables and methods. The `this` keyword allows you to refer to those instance variables and methods from within the class itself. It is primarily used to differentiate between instance variables and parameters or local variables that have the same name.
- Here are a few common uses of the `this` keyword in Java:
collapsed:: true
- Accessing instance variables: You can use `this` to access or modify the instance variables of the current object. For example, `this.variableName` refers to the instance variable `variableName` of the current object.
- Invoking constructors: In a constructor, `this` can be used to invoke another constructor in the same class. It is useful for constructor chaining, where one constructor calls another constructor to initialize the object.
- Passing the current object as a parameter: Sometimes, you may need to pass the current object as an argument to another method. In such cases, you can use `this` to pass a reference to the current object.
- Returning the current object: A method can use `this` to return the current object. This is often used in method chaining, where multiple method calls are chained together on the same object.
- It's important to note that `this` can only be used within non-static contexts, as it refers to the current instance of the class. Static methods and variables do not belong to any specific instance, so `this` cannot be used inside them.
- Overall, the `this` keyword provides a way to refer to the current object and access its members, helping to avoid naming conflicts and make the code more readable.
- DONE Past exam papers
:LOGBOOK:
CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 21:37:16]--[2023-06-12 Mon 12:58:29] => 15:21:13
- Inheritance in Java is **a concept that acquires the properties from one class to other classes**
- ## polymorphism
- encapsulation
- Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of **wrapping the data** (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class. Therefore, it is also known as **data hiding**.
- abstraction.
- Data **abstraction** is the process **of hiding certain details** and showing only essential information to the user.
- Abstraction can be achieved with either **abstract classes** or
[**interfaces**](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_interface.asp) (which you will learn more about in the next chapter).
- Overloading vs. overriding
- When two or more methods in the same class have the same method name but different parameters, this is called overloading. In contrast, overriding occurs when two methods have the same name and parameters
- Interface
- DONE 毛概 {{renderer :todomaster}}
collapsed:: true
SCHEDULED: <2023-06-13Tue>
- DONE 看笔记
- DONE 做题
:LOGBOOK:
CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 09:51:00]--[2023-06-11 Sun 09:51:01] => 00:00:01
- DONE 看格式要求 _Follow the ABC (Abstract Body Conclusion) Format for all Letters/Memos_
- DONE Job application letter
- Cover letter (application letter)
- #+BEGIN_VERSE
[Your name]
[Your address]
[Your city, state and zip code]
[Date]
[Hiring manager's name]
[Hiring manager's title]
[Company name]
[Company address]
[Company city, state and zip code]
Dear [Hiring manager's name],
I'm writing to express my interest in the position of [job title] at [company]. [Explain how you heard about the job and name your contact if you were referred by someone within the company.] I believe my [skills and qualifications] make me an ideal fit for this job.
[Use the second paragraph to elaborate on how you would help the company. Reference specific campaigns or projects when possible.]
[Use the third paragraph to summarize your key qualifications. Elaborate on your most important accomplishments and include details that you were unable to provide in the more concise format of your resume.]
[Use the fourth paragraph to briefly explain why you want to work for this company. Mention the additional documents included with your cover letter, and express your excitement about moving forward in the hiring process.]
Sincerely,
[Your name]
#+END_VERSE
- DONE Academic
- DONE research proposal
- Format
- #+BEGIN_VERSE
Your proposal should include the following:
1. TITLE
Your title should give a clear indication of your proposed research approach or key question
2. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
You should include:
the background and issues of your proposed research
identify your discipline
a short literature review
a summary of key debates and developments in the field
3. RESEARCH QUESTION(S)
You should formulate these clearly, giving an explanation as to what problems and issues are to be explored and why they are worth exploring
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
You should provide an outline of:
the theoretical resources to be drawn on
the research approach (theoretical framework)
the research methods appropriate for the proposed research
a discussion of advantages as well as limits of particular approaches and methods
5. PLAN OF WORK & TIME SCHEDULE
You should include an outline of the various stages and corresponding time lines for developing and implementing the research, including writing up your thesis.
For full-time study your research should be completed within three years, with writing up completed in the fourth year of registration.
For part-time study your research should be completed within six years, with writing up completed by the eighth year.
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
You should include:
a list of references to key articles and texts discussed within your research proposal
a selection of sources appropriate to the proposed research
#+END_VERSE
- DONE academic paper
- DONE abstract
- Major Types of Abstract - Descriptive Abstracts
- ● Short -uaually less than 120 words.
- ● Includes:
- ● purpose of the paper/work (objectives)
- ● methods used
- ● scope of the paper/work
- ● introducing the subject.
- ● Doesn’t include:
- ● results, conclusions and recommendations
- It aims to provide the reader with brief summaries (1-2 sentences) of each of the sections of the paper.
- ● A descriptive abstract summarizes the main points of a document without
providing any analysis or interpretation, simply describing what the document
contains. It is typically very short and doesn't provide any information beyond
what you would find in the document's table of contents.
- ● An outline of your work
- •Major Types of Abstract - Informative Abstracts
- ● Fairly short - from 250 words to a page or more.
- ● Include:
- ● purpose of the work/paper (research background /objectives)
- ● method used
- ● scope of the work
- ● results / findings
- ● conclusions and recommendations
- ● contributions, novelty (optional)
- It focuses on providing the results of the research and describing the
conclusion, contribution and vovelty that can be drawn from these
results.
- DONE introduction
- a clear sense of purpose,
thorough understanding of reader needs, and
close attention to correct formats.
- Research paper introductions are always unique.
After all, research is original by definition. However, they often
contain six essential items. These are:
- **An overview of the topic.**Start with a general overview of
your topic. Narrow the overview until you address your paper’s specific
subject. Then, mention questions or concerns you had about the case.
Note that you will address them in the publication.
- **Prior research.**Your introduction is the place to review
other conclusions on your topic. Include both older scholars and modern
scholars. This background information shows that you are aware of prior
research. It also introduces past findings to those who might not have
that expertise.
- **A rationale for your paper.**Explain why your topic needs to
be addressed right now. If applicable, connect it to current issues.
Additionally, you can show a problem with former theories or reveal a
gap in current research. No matter how you do it, a good rationale will
interest your readers and demonstrate why they must read the rest of
your paper.
- **Describe the methodology you used.**Recount your processes to
make your paper more credible. Lay out your goal and the questions you
will address. Reveal how you conducted research and describe how you
measured results. Moreover, explain why you made key choices.
- **A thesis statement.**Your main introduction should end with a
thesis statement. This statement summarizes the ideas that will run
through your entire research article. It should be straightforward and
clear.
- **An outline.**Introductions often conclude with an outline.
Your layout should quickly review what you intend to cover in the
following sections. Think of it as a roadmap, guiding your reader to the
end of your paper.
- These six items are emphasized more or less,
depending on your field. For example, a physics research paper might
emphasize methodology. An English journal article might highlight the
overview.
- DONE conclusion
- Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper.
- Summarizing your thoughts and conveying the larger implications of your study.
- Demonstrating the importance of your ideas.
- Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research problem.
- DONE Report
- Informal
- DONE letter report
- Format
- #+BEGIN_VERSE
This form is used in the case of brief and informal reports. Its main parts are:
Heading;
Date;
Address;
Salutation;
Body;
Complimentary close;
Signature.
The body of the letter can be divided into the following parts:
Introduction: Here the writer states the problem.
Findings: Here the finding of the investigation are presented.
Recommendation: After the findings, recommendations are given in the last paragraph of the body.
The sample is given below to give an idea about the structure of a report.
#+END_VERSE
- Sample
- ```text
Opex Apparel Ltd.
(A house for best Garments)
Dhanmondi, Dhaka
25th, May 2021
Managing Director
Opex Apparel Ltd.
Dhanmondi, Dhaka.
Ref: Negligence of duty by the staff in our Uttara Showroom.
Dear Sir,
In accordance with” your instructions, I personally visited our Uttara
showroom to look into its functioning. I made some investigation and
therefore submitting my report hereunder. <abstract,introduction>
A number of worthy customers purchased some exclusive garments
but found some problems with fitting after purchase. They tried their
best to return the garments but failed because there was no
attendant to take the complaint and providing the change. As a
result, they made a phone call to our complaint department and filed
complaints regarding this issue. <findings>
In our Uttara branch, there is only one attendant named Mr. Saker to
handle the after-sales service. He has been found to be irregular for
the last three (3) months. As a result, our customers are getting
dissatisfaction causing a decrease in our sales. In this age of
competition, losing customers means “Red Alert to the business.
I have no hesitation to recommend that Mr. Saker may be served
with a notice and a really efficient and active man may be sent there
for proper functioning. <recommendation>
I hope that quick action will be taken based on my recommendation
for the betterment of our company.<close>
Yours faithfully
M. A Khan Secretary
```
- DONE memo report
- Format
- Abstract
- Clear statement of memo's purpose
Outline of main parts of memo
- Body
- Supporting points, with strong points at the beginning and/or end
Frequent use of short paragraphs or listed items
Absolute clarity about what memo has to do with reader
Tactful presentation of any negative news
- Conclusion
- Clear statement of what step should occur next
Another effort to retain goodwill and cooperation of readers
- Sample:
- ```text
MEMORANDUM
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
I'm writing to inform you that [statement, reason for writing memo].
As our company continues to grow … [evidence or reason to support your opening
paragraph].
Please let me know if you have any questions. In the meantime, I'd appreciate your
cooperation as [official business information] takes place.
```
- Formal
- DONE Letter Text Combination Form
- Types
- proposal: A proposal report is a document that outlines a plan or suggestion for a
particular project, initiative, or course of action. It is typically
prepared by an individual or a team who wants to propose a specific
idea, action, or solution to a problem. The purpose of a proposal report
is to convince the intended audience that the proposed plan is viable,
beneficial, and worth pursuing.
- feasibility: A feasibility report determines the outcome of a proposed solution by analyzing all relevant factors.
- progress: A progress report is a document that provides an update on the status,
achievements, and ongoing activities of a project, task, or initiative.
It is typically prepared on a regular basis, such as weekly, monthly, or
quarterly, to inform stakeholders about the progress made toward
established goals and objectives.
- evaluation: An evaluation report is a document that assesses and analyzes the
performance, effectiveness, or impact of a project, program, policy, or
initiative. It provides an in-depth examination and critique of the
subject being evaluated, based on specific criteria and objectives.
- problem analysis: A problem analysis report is a document that examines and analyzes a specific problem or issue in depth. It aims to identify the root causes
of the problem, understand its impact, and propose potential solutions
or recommendations.
- recommendation: Recommendation reports, also known as justification reports, propose a specific idea to the reader and provide evidence to support the
recommendation.
- Template
- ```text
Report on [topic of the report]
Submitted on [date of submission]
Summary or Abstract
[This summarizes the contents of the report, including your main findings and
overall conclusion.]
Introduction
[This provides insight into the purpose of the report.]
Background
[This section provides background information for the reader to understand the
context of the remaining content.]
Methodology
[This section explains to the reader what method you followed to gather your
findings and make your conclusions. For example, describe if you're using
qualitative or quantitative methods in your research.]
Findings
[Present your findings based on your research.]
Conclusions
The main issues we found were as follows:
[Outline the main issues to address based on your findings.]
Recommendations
To address these central issues, we recommend the following steps:
[Offer clear recommendations of actions based on your findings and conclusions
to help solve the problem.]
Appendix
[List any references used for your research, including articles, papers, or other
sources. You can also include any reference materials, such as surveys, tables,
- Database is :-> a shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization.
- Index :-> A data structure that improves the retrieval speed of data from a database table by creating a quick reference to the location of the data.
- SQL (Structured Query Language) :-> A programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. It allows you to create, modify, and retrieve data from databases.
- Database Management System (DBMS) :-> Software that provides an interface to interact with databases, managing their creation, modification, and retrieval.
- disjoint constraints :-> Describes relationship between members of the subclasses and indicates whether member of a superclass can be a member of one, or more than one, subclass. #flashcard
- Maps the conceptual data model on to a **logical model (e.g. relational)**, but i*ndependent of a particular DBMS and other physical considerations*.
- DONE ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability): A set of properties that guarantee the reliability and integrity of database transactions. #flashcard
- Atomicity: :-> The property that ensures a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. It either executes all its operations successfully or rolls back to the initial state if any operation fails.
- Consistency: :-> The property that ensures a transaction transforms the database from one consistent state to another consistent state. It maintains data integrity and adheres to defined business rules.
- Isolation: :-> The property that ensures concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Each transaction operates in isolation until it completes, preventing interference or conflicts.
- Durability: :-> The property that ensures committed changes made by a transaction are permanently saved and will survive any subsequent system failures or crashes.
- In a relational database management, functional dependency is a concept
that specifies the relationship between two sets of attributes where one
attribute determines the value of another attribute. It is denoted as **X → Y**, where the attribute set on the left side of the arrow, **X** is called **Determinant** , and **Y** is called the **Dependent**.
normalization. In 1NF, each table cell should contain _only a single value, and each column should have a unique name_. The first normal form helps to eliminate duplicate data and simplify queries.
- Second Normal Form (2NF): :-> 2NF eliminates redundant data by requiring that each _non-key attribute_ be ==dependent on the primary key==. This means that _each column should be directly related to the primary key_, and not to other
that _all non-key attributes are **independent** of each other._ This means that each column should be **directly related to the primary key**, and not to any other columns in the same table.
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF): :-> BCNF is a stricter form of 3NF that ensures that each determinant in a table is a candidate key. In other words, BCNF ensures that _each non-key attribute is dependent **only on the candidate key**._
- Fourth Normal Form (4NF): 4NF is a further refinement of BCNF that ensures that _a table does not contain any multi-valued dependencies._
- Fifth Normal Form (5NF): 5NF is the highest level of normalization and involves decomposing a table into smaller tables to _remove data redundancy and improve data integrity._
- You can: design ways of describing information (text or data), usually for storage, transmission, or processing by a program (you can use it in combination with a programming language).
- It says nothing about what you should do with the data (although your choice of element names may hint at what they are for).
- ## Topic 2: Project Mtasks and in estimating the required development resources and development time.
id:: 648581e7-cc5c-4514-9c2a-0b6af4adc5bb
deck:: 2023t1/product
collapsed:: true
Do project schedulinganagement
- **Define** what is project management #flashcard
- For all but the simplest products, product development involves many people completing many different tasks.
- is the activity of planning and coordinating resources and tasks to achieve these goals.
- Two Phases of **PM**#flashcard
- Project planning involves scheduling the project tasks and determining resource requirements. The project plan is first laid out during the concept development phase, although it is a dynamic entity and continues to evolve throughout the development process.
- Project execution, sometimes called project control, involves coordinating and facilitating the myriad tasks required to complete the project in the face of inevitable unanticipated events and the arrival of new information. Execution is just as important as planning; Many teams fail because they do not remain focused on their goals for the duration of the project.
- **Project Planning**: Understand and represent different tasks in projects
- **Definition** :-> A useful tool for representing and analysing
task dependencies is the design structure matrix
(DSM).
- Working:
- A project task is assigned to a row and a corresponding column.
- The rows and columns are named and ordered identically, although generally only the rows list the complete names of the tasks. Each task is defined by a row of the matrix.
- We represent a task’s dependencies by placing marks in the columns to indicate the other tasks (columns) on which it depends.
- Reading across a row reveals all of the tasks whose output is required to perform the task corresponding to the row.
- Reading down a column reveals which tasks receive information from the task corresponding to the column.
- The diagonal cells are usually filled in with dots or the task labels, simply to separate the upper and lower triangles of the matrix and to facilitate tracing dependencies.
- Gantt Chart
- Features: #flashcard
- Gantt charts show how the work is broken down into a set of activities
- They show the scheduling of these activities as a series of horizontal bands against a series of vertical lines representing dates
- They can be used to show dependencies between activities
- They can be used to measure progress on a project or compare planned production with actual production
- PERT Charts #flashcard
- PERT (program evaluation and review technique) charts explicitly represent both dependencies and timing, in effect combining some of the information contained in the DSM and Gantt chart.
- The _dependencies_ among the tasks in a PERT chart, some of which may be arranged sequentially and some of which may be arranged in parallel, lead to the concept of a critical path.
- The _critical path_ is the longest chain of dependent events. This is the single sequence of tasks whose combined required times define the minimum possible completion time for the entire set of tasks.
- Undertake a baseline project plan
- **Definition** :-> project plan is the roadmap for the remaining development effort. The plan is important in coordinating the remaining tasks and in estimating the required development resources and development time.
- Do project scheduling
- Methods: #flashcard
- Contract Book
- Project Task List
- Team staffing & Organisation
- Project Schedule
- Project Budget
- Project Risk Plan
- Modifying the baseline plan
- Accelerate projects
- Product development time is often the dominant concern in project planning and execution. There are a set of guidelines for accelerating product development projects.
- **Execute** projects #flashcard
- Smooth execution of even a well-planned project requires careful attention. Three problems of project execution are particularly important: 1. What mechanisms can be used to coordinate tasks? 2. How can project status be assessed? and 3. What actions can the team take to correct for undesirable deviations from the project plan?
(in relation to NPD) and establishes the **boundary
conditions for an innovation effort.** Charters can be
termed as mission statement for a new product.
- Generate and sense **many opportunities**
- Focus has to be both on **internal** and **external** sources of raw opportunities. Some of these are generated:
- Internally
- R&D department
- Externally
- customer
- competitive product
- sales forces
- collab. with universities
- investors
- distribution partners
- other partner companies
- Sense opportunities: Where do they come from?
- Passively
- Proactively
- Document **frustrations** and **complaints** that current **customers** experience with existing products
- Interview lead users, with attention devoted to
- **innovations** by these users and
- **modifications** these users may have
made to existing products
- **trends**
- Systematically gather suggestions from **current customers**
- **Competitors**
- **Transfer** emerging tech.
- **R&D**: _Research_ and _Development_
- **Definition**: to develop new knowledge and apply scientific or engineering knowledge to connect the knowledge in one field to that in others
- Roles:
- **Discovering and developing** new technologies Improving understanding of the technology in existing products
- **Improving and strengthening** understanding of technologies used in manufacturing
- **Understanding research results** from universities and other research institutions
- Areas:
- R&D for existing businesses
- R&D for new businesses
- R&D for exploratory research
- **Screen** opportunities
- Purpose:
- to eliminate any opportunities that are **unlikely to result in the creation of value**,
- to focus attention on the opportunities **worthy of further investigation**
- **not to** pick the _single best opportunity_!
- Approach:
- Web-based **surveys**
- Workshops with **multi-voting**: collaborative sessions or meetings where participants engage in a voting process to prioritize or make decisions on various options or ideas.
- Develop **promising opportunities**
- Details
- customer interviews,
- testing of existing products,
- concept generation,
- quick prototypes,
- estimates of market sizes and growth rates.
- Goal
- resolve the greatest uncertainty surrounding each one at the lowest cost in time and money.
- Select **exceptional opportunities**
- Goal
- select a few that warrant a significant investment in product development.
- Approach:**Real-Win-Worth-it**
- **Real**: Is the opportunity real?
- **Win**: Can you win with this opportunity?
- **Worth** It: Is it worth doing?
- **Reflect** on the result and process.
Ask the following questions:
- **How many** of the opportunities identified came from internal sources versus external sources?
- Did we consider **dozens or hundreds** of opportunities?
- Was the innovation charter **too narrowly focused**?
- Were our filtering criteria **biased**, or largely based on the best possible estimates of eventual product success?
- Are the resulting opportunities **exciting** to the team?
Innovation is the process of creating something new that adds value to society. It can involve developing new products, services, processes, or business models. Innovation can be driven by a variety of factors, such as technological advances, changes in consumer preferences, or shifts in the competitive landscape.
- ### Types of Innovation
collapsed:: true
There are different types of innovation, including:
- Radical innovation: involves creating something entirely new that disrupts existing markets or creates new ones.
- Incremental innovation: involves making small improvements to existing products or processes.
- Disruptive innovation: involves creating a new product or service that initially serves a niche market but eventually disrupts the existing market.
- Sustaining innovation: involves making improvements to existing products or processes that help maintain a company's competitive position.
- ### Models of Innovation
collapsed:: true
Innovation can follow different models, such as:
- Linear model: involves a sequential process of research, development, and commercialization.
- Cyclical model: involves a continuous process of feedback and iteration.
- Open innovation: involves collaborating with external partners to develop new products or services.
- ### Characteristics of Innovative Companies
collapsed:: true
Innovative companies share certain characteristics, such as:
- A willingness to take risks and experiment with new ideas.
- A focus on customer needs and preferences.
- A culture that encourages creativity, collaboration, and learning.
- A commitment to continuous improvement and innovation.
- ### Strategies for Fostering a Culture of Innovation
collapsed:: true
Companies can foster a culture of innovation by:
- Providing resources, such as funding, time, and expertise, to support innovation initiatives.
- Encouraging collaboration and cross-functional teams.
- Rewarding creativity and risk-taking.
- Creating a supportive and inclusive work environment.
- ### Examples of Innovative Companies and Products
collapsed:: true
There are many examples of innovative companies and products, such as:
- Apple: known for its innovative products, such as the iPhone and iPad.
- Tesla: known for its innovative electric vehicles and renewable energy solutions.
- Sinclair C5: an innovative electric vehicle developed in the 1980s that was ahead of its time.
- ### Further Resources
The PDF provides links to further resources for learning about innovation, such as a video and short videos about new inventions. These resources can help individuals and companies stay up-to-date on the latest trends and developments in innovation and product development.
- ## Topic 8: Digital Transofrmation and Digital Products
id:: 64857305-a186-4927-890d-607f66d97f95
collapsed:: true
- Digital Transformation
collapsed:: true
- Terms
collapsed:: true
- **Digitisation** is the process of converting information from analog to digital.
- **Digitalisation** is the process of using digitised information to make established ways of working simpler and more efficient.
- **Digital transformation** is the process of using digital technologies to create new — or modify existing — business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements
- **Types** of Digital transformation
collapsed:: true
- **Process Transformation** – aims to process such as data, analytics, AI, and any process that can work towards lowering costs and driving operational efficiency in the business.
- **Business Model Transformation** – aims to make fundamental changes in how a business or organization runs which can include personnel, processes, and technology.
- **Domain Transformation** - This area offers a great opportunity to move into a new domain or area that a business may not have explored before by acquiring new technologies.
- **Cultural/Organizational Transformation** -
This is about redefining mindsets, processes, capabilities and skills for a digital world. It’s about driving digital transformation forward through growth initiatives that are grounded in a new culture and way of thinking.
- **Guidelines** for a successful Digital
collapsed:: true
Transformation
- Understand your technology
- Embrace Cultural Change
- Consider a new digital business model
- Digital upskilling
- Ensure Collaboration
- Top Management Support
- Digital Product
collapsed:: true
- Characteristics
collapsed:: true
- no physical form, exist only in the digital realm,
- _intangible_ items delivered _electronically_,
- anything that can be _downloaded_ and _used digitally_ can be considered a digital product,
- sold online or through brick-and-mortar retailers,
- can be easily updated or modified to keep up with changing technology and trends because they're intangible,
- often come with a license that allows a customer to use them in unlimited ways.
- Will everything become digital?
collapsed:: true
- In practice, most products and experiences they are part of are _hybrid_.
- **Why** digital products?
collapsed:: true
- Customer happiness is how you win in business. Modern customer expectations are being driven by largely digital technology and digital innovations.
- Low investment, (potentially) high returns
- More profitable than physical goods
- No inventory, shipping or rent hassle
- Automated delivery for passive income
- Serve a niche at scale
- Digital products offer unique ways to communicate directly with the customers.
- Digital Project Development
collapsed:: true
- Phase 1. **Discovery**: the process of identifying the problem to be
solved, making sure the problem is worth solving, and
envisioning the solution to that problem.
- Phase 2. **Ideate**: The goal is to brainstorm possible solutions to the
problem identified in the discovery phase, creating a
strategy for how to build a product that will solve that
problem.
- Phase 3. **Test**: The testing phase is all about gathering data,
refining and improving your idea, and gathering more data
until you have a sharp idea. The testing phase should
involve at least four steps, known as the lean validation
process
- Phase 4. **Execute**: This stage aims to develop the“most
valuable player” namely the _Minimum Viable
Product (MVP)._
- Phase 5. **Launch**: Once your MVP is ready to go, it’s time to launch. A
digital product launch usually means putting the MVP
on the market and giving customers their first crack at
your solution.
- Phase 6. **Grow**: As refine the digital product into its final form, based on
the feedback from the MVP launch, it’s time to consider
the growth or scaling phase.
- Digital Project Management
collapsed:: true
- Terms
collapsed:: true
- **Digital Project Manager**: the glue that brings
together many facets of a successful digital product—
- **Developers or engineers** – the people who will code, test and deploy the digital application that will be used by customers.
- **Experts in customer or user experience** who focus on how the product and associated services will be used by the customer, and who create the user interface, services and other interactions with the customers
- **Sales and marketing experts**, who will actually get customers to use the product.
