- [[总复习2023t1]] {{renderer :todomaster}}
  id:: 6482caf8-b133-4277-8030-38423ed98206

  - DONE [[Java]] {{renderer :todomaster}}
    collapsed:: true
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-12 Mon>
    :LOGBOOK:
    CLOCK: [2023-06-09 Fri 15:09:23]--[2023-06-09 Fri 16:26:51] => 01:17:28
    :END:

    - DONE lab
      - DONE 写 lab8
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-09 Fri 15:06:46]--[2023-06-09 Fri 16:26:50] => 01:20:04
        :END:
      - DONE (考前)复习 labs
        collapsed:: true
        - DONE [#A] 从 t14 复制过来
        - 1
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 2
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 3
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 4
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 5
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 6
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
        - 7
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:02]--[2023-06-10 Sat 21:08:03] => 00:00:01
          :END:
    - DONE 课件
      collapsed:: true
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-12 Mon 10:47:42]--[2023-06-12 Mon 14:12:02] => 03:24:20
      :END:
      - DONE 看 revision (java file IO 可以考前再看一遍)
        collapsed:: true
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-12 Mon 11:40:14]--[2023-06-12 Mon 12:58:33] => 01:18:19
        :END:
        - DONE [#A] Review past exam papers
        - DONE java file IO
          collapsed:: true
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-09 Fri 16:44:33]--[2023-06-09 Fri 17:13:37] => 00:29:04
          :END:
          - DONE Buffered Reader / Writer
          - DONE File objects
        - DONE GUI (自学不考)
          collapsed:: true
          - DONE Graphics Classes: Color, Font, FontMetrics, JLabel
        - StringBuffer vs. StringBuilder
          - String is immutable whereas StringBuffer and StringBuilder are mutable classes.
          - StringBuffer is thread-safe and synchronized whereas StringBuilder is not. That’s why StringBuilder is faster than StringBuffer.
          - String concatenation operator (+) internally uses StringBuffer or StringBuilder class.
          - For String manipulations in a non-multi threaded environment, we should use StringBuilder else use StringBuffer class.
    - DONE 题

      - DONE 看 qm 上错题 [gradeplus](https://qmplus.qmul.ac.uk/grade/report/user/index.php?id=21582)
      - DONE this 的用法
        collapsed:: true
        - In Java, the `this` keyword is a reference to the current object within a non-static method or constructor. It represents the instance of the class on which the method or constructor is being called.
        - When a class is instantiated to create an object, that object has its own set of instance variables and methods. The `this` keyword allows you to refer to those instance variables and methods from within the class itself. It is primarily used to differentiate between instance variables and parameters or local variables that have the same name.
        - Here are a few common uses of the `this` keyword in Java:
          collapsed:: true
          - Accessing instance variables: You can use `this` to access or modify the instance variables of the current object. For example, `this.variableName` refers to the instance variable `variableName` of the current object.
          - Invoking constructors: In a constructor, `this` can be used to invoke another constructor in the same class. It is useful for constructor chaining, where one constructor calls another constructor to initialize the object.
          - Passing the current object as a parameter: Sometimes, you may need to pass the current object as an argument to another method. In such cases, you can use `this` to pass a reference to the current object.
          - Returning the current object: A method can use `this` to return the current object. This is often used in method chaining, where multiple method calls are chained together on the same object.
        - It's important to note that `this` can only be used within non-static contexts, as it refers to the current instance of the class. Static methods and variables do not belong to any specific instance, so `this` cannot be used inside them.
        - Overall, the `this` keyword provides a way to refer to the current object and access its members, helping to avoid naming conflicts and make the code more readable.
      - DONE Past exam papers
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 21:37:16]--[2023-06-12 Mon 12:58:29] => 15:21:13
        CLOCK: [2023-06-12 Mon 14:12:05]--[2023-06-12 Mon 17:55:24] => 03:43:19
        :END:

        - DONE Access Modifiers
        - DONE Javadoc tags and modifiers [tutorial](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_documentation.htm)

          - Syntax:

            - ```java
              // This is a single line comment

              /*
               * This is a regular multi-line comment
               */

              /**
               * This is a Javadoc
               */
              ```

          - @throws ExceptionType reason

        - DONE Garbage collection
          collapsed:: true
          - **The working:** Java garbage collection is an automatic process. Automatic garbage
            collection is the process of looking at heap memory, identifying which
            objects are in use and which are not, and deleting the unused objects.
            An in-use object, or a referenced object, means that some part of your
            program still maintains a pointer to that object. An unused or
            unreferenced object is no longer referenced by any part of your program.
            So the memory used by an unreferenced object can be reclaimed. The
            programmer does not need to mark objects to be deleted explicitly. The
            garbage collection implementation lives in the JVM.
          - **Eligibility for garbage collection:** An object is said to be eligible for GC(garbage collection) if it is unreachable.
        - DONE ==THREE main concepts when doing GUI programming in Java==
          - **Component**: An object that the user can see on the screen and can also
            interact with
          - **Container**: A component that can hold other components
          - **Event**: An action triggered by the user
          - Designing a GUI involves creating components, putting them into containers, and
            arranging for the program to respond to events (e.g. responding to mouse clicks).
        - DONE ==Review Java File IO==
        - DONE Exception Terms
          - java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException:
          - IOException
          - ArithmeticException
          - NegativeArraySizeException
          - ArrayStoreException
        - LATER four fundamental OOP concepts.
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-12 Mon 14:12:16]--[2023-06-12 Mon 14:12:18] => 00:00:02
          :END:
          - inheritance
            - Inheritance in Java is **a concept that acquires the properties from one class to other classes**
          - ## polymorphism
          - encapsulation
            - Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of **wrapping the data** (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class. Therefore, it is also known as **data hiding**.
          - abstraction.
            - Data **abstraction** is the process **of hiding certain details** and showing only essential information to the user.
            - Abstraction can be achieved with either **abstract classes** or
              [**interfaces**](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_interface.asp) (which you will learn more about in the next chapter).
        - Overloading vs. overriding
          - When two or more methods in the same class have the same method name but different parameters, this is called overloading. In contrast, overriding occurs when two methods have the same name and parameters
        - Interface

  - DONE 毛概 {{renderer :todomaster}}
    collapsed:: true
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-13 Tue>
    - DONE 看笔记
    - DONE 做题
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 09:51:00]--[2023-06-11 Sun 09:51:01] => 00:00:01
      :END:
    - DONE 整理错题
      deck:: 2023t1/Mao
      - 在 1978 年的关于真理标准问题的⼤讨论中，邓⼩平指出，关于真理标准问题的讨论实质就在于( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
        id:: 6486eb88-490a-45f2-b393-89192dd5ea52
        A.是否坚持⻢列主义、⽑泽东思想
        B.是否坚持实践是==检验真理==的唯⼀标准
        C.是否坚持解放思想、实事求是
        D.是否坚持中国共产党的领导
      - 创新包括各⽅⾯的创新，如理论创新、技术创新、制度创新等，其中在各项创新中处于先导地位的是 （ {{c1 b}}）#flashcard
        extra:: 社会主义主打一个空想
        id:: 6486eba2-9d71-4e27-a8f8-96947c0beda6
        A．科技创新
        B．理论创新
        C．⽂化创新
        D．⽣产关系创新
      - id:: 6486ebb8-4319-4e33-a901-221546ac6b28 4. 党的思想路线的实质和核⼼是（ {{c1 c}} ）#flashcard
        A.⽣产关系适合⽣产⼒ B.理论联系实际
        C.实事求是 D.在实践中检验真理和发展真理
      - extra:: 三个有利于：改革得失
        id:: 6486ebbd-9c15-48d3-a273-aad64d4fadb2 5. 实事求是思想路线的根本体现是 （ {{c1 a}} ）#flashcard
        A．尊重群众、尊重实践
        B．⼀切从群众中来
        C．解放思想
        D．“三个有利于”
      - 4．中国共产党在新⺠主主义⾰命领导权问题上有着深刻认识，党认为实现对⾰命的领导权的根本
        id:: 6486ebe6-ea17-4b3d-a855-1a992863e0e2
        保证是（ {{c1 c}} ）。 #flashcard
        A.动员全⺠开展武装⽃争 B.建⽴最⼴泛的⼈⺠统⼀战线
        C.加强中国共产党的建设 D.扩⼤⾰命的影响⼒和控制⼒
      - extra:: a: 抢国民党
        id:: 6486ebf2-991b-43fa-9baf-c2e94eec3230
        1.  建国初期我国社会主义国营经济建⽴的主要途径是（ {{c1 a}} ）#flashcard
            A. 没收官僚资本 B. 没收帝国主义在华企业
            C. 剥夺封建地主阶级的财产 D. 赎买⺠族资产阶级的财产
      - extra:: 学苏联
        id:: 6486ebf5-ecb6-49f4-a22e-156de99c617c 2. 20 世纪 50 年代，⽑泽东提出，中国⼯业化道路的问题主要是指 ( {{c1 c}} ) #flashcard
        A.优先发展重⼯业的问题
        B.将落后的农业国建设成为先进的⼯业国的问题
        C.重⼯业、轻⼯业和农业的发展关系问题
        D.建⽴独⽴的⽐较完整的⼯业体系问题
      - extra:: b 反右运动 c 文革 d 从来没有
        id:: 6486ec08-5315-4ddc-ad39-f87b1acf36ec 3. 社会主义改造基本完成后，我国国家政治⽣活的主题是 ( {{c1 b}} ) #flashcard
        A.集中⼒量发展社会⽣产⼒
        B.正确处理⼈⺠内部⽭盾
        C.进⾏思想战线上的社会主义⾰命
        D.加强社会主义⺠主与法制建设
      - extra:: 创新性方法：学苏联自由派
        id:: 6486ec0b-b934-4f4a-b0ff-31c39c44e74d 4. 我国在资本主义⼯商业进⾏社会主义改造实践中⼀个创新性办法是对⺠族资产阶级( {{c1 a}} ) #flashcard
        A.和平赎买
        B.剥夺⽣产资料 C.公私合营
        D.⽣活上给出路
      - extra:: 十大关系指出要多快好省建设社会主义基本思想
        id:: 6486ec0e-3678-4e3c-95cc-a1eae493c278 5. ⽑泽东在《论⼗⼤关系》中提出我国社会主义建设必须围绕的⼀个基本⽅针是 （ {{c1 c}} ） #flashcard
        A.发展⽣产⼒，把我国尽快地从落后的农业国变为先进的⼯业国
        B.正确处理⽆产阶级同资产阶级的⽭盾
        C.调动⼀切积极因素，为社会主义事业服务
        D.彻底消灭剥削制度，继续肃清反⾰命残余势⼒
      - 1.社会主义的**根本**原则是（ {{c1 a}} ） #flashcard
        extra:: 根本原则
        id:: 6486f101-7de3-4d01-81fa-f33ca1ce5395
        A. 坚持以公有制为主体，实现共同富裕 B.扩⼤改⾰开放，增强综合国⼒
        C.实⾏按劳分配，改善⼈⺠⽣活 D. 不断发展⽣产，增加社会财富
      - id:: 6486f11d-fd1f-4050-b693-1d9e61525db2 3. 新时期的解放思想，关键就是对建设中国特⾊社会主义的⾸要的基本理论问题的重新认识，这就
        是( {{c1 d}} ) #flashcard
        A.什么是实事求是
        B. 怎样建设党
        C.什么是⻢克思主义
        D. 什么是社会主义
      - 5.坚持四项基本原则的核⼼是 ( {{c1 c}} ) #flashcard
        id:: 6486f139-1b96-4fa2-801d-e6af909be90c
        extra:: 共产党要独裁，别人都不行
        A.坚持社会主义道路 B.坚持⼈⺠⺠主专政
        C.坚持共产党的领导 D.坚持⻢列主义、⽑泽东思想
      - 3．社会主义初级阶段与新⺠主主义社会在经济基础⽅⾯的本质区别在于（ {{c1 a}} ）#flashcard
        extra:: d: 不谈这些
        id:: 6486f1db-f09d-45d5-982e-8a6d36c88ec0
        A. 是否存在多种所有制经济
        B. ⾮公有制经济是否成为社会主义经济的必要补充
        C. 国有经济是否起主导作⽤
        D. 公有制经济是否成为社会经济的主体
      - 2.正确处理改⾰、发展、稳定三者关系的重要结合点是（ {{c1 b}} ）#flashcard
        id:: 6486f20e-62ee-4487-855d-9fbfe95e4d8f
        A.把改⾰的⼒度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统⼀结合起来
        B.不断改善⼈⺠⽣活
        C.在社会政治稳定中推进改⾰和发展
        D.靠深化和继续发展解决改⾰和发展中产⽣的新问题和新⽭盾
      - 5.经过 30 多年的对外开放，我国形成了全⽅位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局。所谓全⽅位就是
        指（ {c1 a}）#flashcard
        extra:: 全方位：a; 多层次：合作框架, 宽领域：跨越政治
        id:: 6486f242-b267-4c28-825a-62182abcfbfe
        A.不论对资本主义国家还是社会主义国家，对发达国家还是发展中国家都实⾏开放政策
        B. 根据各地区的实际和特点，通过经济特区、沿海开放城市、经济技术开发区等不同开放程度的
        各种形式，形成全国范围的对外开放
        C．⽴⾜我国国情，对国际商品市场、国际资本市场、国际技术市场和国际劳务市场的开放
        D. 坚持“引进来”和“⾛出去”相结合
      - 1.我国现阶段公有制的主要实现形式是（ {{c1 a}} ）#flashcard
        id:: 6486f2b8-2ef5-461f-a6da-6dcae1737aa8
        extra:: b: 农村银行
        A. 股份制
        B.股份合作制 C.租赁、承包制
        D.国家独资经济
      - id:: 6486fb7d-2914-45c7-99a3-81afc94e8c1a 3. 国有经济在国⺠经济中的主导作⽤主要表现在 ( {{c1 c}} ) #flashcard
        A.国有资产在社会总资产中占有量的优势
        B.国有经济能控制垄断性⾏业
        C.国有经济对国⺠经济的==控制⼒==
        D.国有经济在国⺠经济中占主体地位
      - extra:: 领导利益优先
        id:: 6486fb9c-3ec3-4817-a455-38bfcc043e24 4. 在收⼊分配过程中，⽆论是⿎励⼀部分地区、⼀部分⼈先富起来，还是注重社会公平，其实质都
        是( {{c1 b}} ) #flashcard
        extra:: 领导利益优先
        id:: 6486fb9c-3ec3-4817-a455-38bfcc043e24
        A．维护最⼴⼤⼈⺠的根本利益 B.如何妥善协调各⽅⾯的利益关系问题
        C.兼顾不同⽅⾯群众的利益 D.效率优先、兼顾公平
      - 1.新⺠主主义⾰命初期，⽑泽东⽐较了中外资产阶级⾰命的性质后，提出中国⾰命胜利后，应该建⽴的国家政权形式是 ( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
        extra:: 共产党约等于革命民众
        id:: 6486fbcf-fce9-47eb-9471-93bb3fdbca43
        A. ⼈⺠⺠主专政的国家
        B. 各⾰命⺠众合作统治的国家
        C. ⺠主联合政府的国家
        D. 以⼯农为主的⼯农⺠主政权
      - 2.中国共产党和各⺠主党派合作的政治基础是 ( {{c1 c}} ). #flashcard
        extra:: 四项基本原则不允许争议，指“社会主义”，“民主”，“共产党独裁”，“马列毛思想”不允许反对
        id:: 6486fc44-9b33-4eb1-bbc0-fc00aa42ed6c
        A. 中国共产党和各⺠主党派全作的政治基础是
        B. 遵循“⻓期共存，互相监督，肝胆相照，荣辱与共”的⽅针
        C. 坚持四项基本原则
        D. 中国共产党是执政党，⺠主党派是参政党
      - 5.社会主义⺠主政治的**本质**是 ( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        id:: 6486fcfb-2262-48e4-96dc-24b0ca4087e3
        extra:: 红二代当家作主最重要
        A. ⼈⺠当家作主
        B. ⼈⺠⺠主专政
        C. ⼈⺠代表⼤会制度
        D. ⼈⺠参与国家管理
      - extra:: 共产党最爱吹的金句
        id:: 6486fe1f-1d2e-46de-8616-a9bb174c3ade 4. 社会主义道德建设的核⼼是( {{c1 d}} ). #flashcard
        A. 爱国主义
        B. 集体主义
        C. 社会主义
        D. 为⼈⺠服务
      - id:: 6486fe3b-fd24-4e3f-980d-d02c66e3fe18 5. 社会主义道德建设的核⼼是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        A. 为⼈⺠服务
        B. 集体主义
        C 诚实可信
        D 爱国主义
      - id:: 64870181-4942-41c3-9f04-54ccd35a73ad
        1.  社会主义和谐社会的核⼼价值是( {{c1 d}} ). #flashcard
            A. 以⼈为本
            B. 以⺠为本
            C 社会公平
            D 公平和正义
      - 2 我国社会保障制度的基本⽬标是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        extra:: 竟然是和其他所有国家一样
        id:: 648701b2-ad29-4bd5-9160-bcf973aaeb51
        A. 保证⼈们最基本的⽣活需要
        B. 使劳动者⽣活⽔平不断提⾼
        C. 保证劳动者充分就业
        D. 实现共同富裕
      - extra::
        id:: 648702a3-ce36-474c-8427-ba505b748de2 5. “⼗⼀五”规划根本⽬的是以⼈为本，执政为⺠，其含义( {{c1 c}} ). #flashcard
        A. 不断推进⼈的全⾯发展
        B. 不断推进共同富裕
        C. 不断满⾜⼈⺠的物质⽂化⽣活需要
        D. 不断创造共同富裕的物质基础
      - extra:: 因为是假想敌，所以想要统一
        id:: 648702cb-b4d4-470c-b1c3-187aa64ba582 2. 台湾问题的核⼼是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        A. 祖国统⼀
        B. ⼀国两制
        C. ⼀国两政府
        D. “三通”
      - id:: 6487034e-025b-4a2e-9bee-ba856180c7cd
        1.  和平与发展是时代的主题，和平与发展的核⼼问题是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
            A. 南北问题
            B. .维护世界和平问题
            C. 反对霸权主义、强权政治问题
            D. 建⽴国际经济政治新秩序问题
      - id:: 648704bb-1b44-4b7a-9b56-4f8ee1e102f0 4. 中国外交政策的基本**⽬标**是( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
        A. 提⾼中国的国际地位
        B. 维护世界和平，促进⼈类共同繁荣和发展
        C. 反对霸权主义和强权政治
        D. 实现全⼈类的解放
      - extra:: 是全球的南北
        id:: 648704ff-5743-4233-9a16-3c196737e5aa
        1.  和平与发展是时代的主题，**和平与发展**的核⼼问题是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
            A. 南北问题
            B. .维护世界和平问题
            C. 反对霸权主义、强权政治问题
            D. 建⽴国际经济政治新秩序问题
      - extra:: 美国=霸权主义，反对美国来维护世界和平
        id:: 64870507-34f9-422d-b543-727494bcc448 3. 当前维护世界和平的根本途径是( {{c1 c}} ). #flashcard
        A. 实⾏有效裁军和军控
        B. 发挥联合国的维和作⽤
        C. 反对霸权主义和强权政治
        D. 加强国际⼲预
      - extra:: 民族资产阶级最后被收购了
        id:: 64870715-f684-48d8-894c-ad2bddd5f912
        1.  中国新⺠主主义⾰命时期的统⼀战线包含着两个联盟。其中基本的、主要的联盟是( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
            A. ⼯⼈阶级同城市⼩资产阶级的联盟
            B. 以⼯农联盟为主体的⼯⼈阶级同农⺠、⼩资产阶级等其他劳动⼈⺠的联盟
            C. 以⼯农联盟为主体的⼯⼈阶级同农⺠、⼩资产阶级和⺠族资产阶级的联盟
            D. ⼯⼈阶级同可以合作的⾮劳动⼈⺠的联盟
      - extra:: 共产党你是会恶心人的
        id:: 64870745-dadb-467b-a90c-33a99cb70f54 3. 我国新时期爱国统⼀战线从根本上说，是( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
        A. 爱国主义性质的
        B. 政治联盟性质的
        C. 社会主义性质的
        D. ⼈⺠⺠主性质的
      - extra:: 硬背吧
        id:: 648707a6-6088-409d-a3d1-5666d23c5af7 4. 新时期我国爱国主义的主题是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        A. 建设有中国特⾊社会主义
        B. 实现国家统⼀
        C. 加强⺠族团结
        D. 增强⼈⺠凝聚⼒
      - extra:: 重点是体制
        id:: 648707f5-4cc3-43f4-9709-34f99e05481e
        1.  ⼗六届四中全会指出，提⾼党的执政能⼒的核⼼是( {{c1 d}} ). #flashcard
            A. 加强党的领导
            B. 改善党的领导体制
            C. 建设⾼素质的⼲部队伍
            D. 保持党和⼈⺠群众的⾎⾁关系
      - extra:: 共产党纯变态
        id:: 648708c8-b45f-48b3-bb42-4dff84cbea23 3. 政党区别于其他政治团体的根本标志是( {{c1 a}} ). #flashcard
        A. 政党是阶级⽃争发展到⼀定历史阶段的产物
        B. 政党同国家政权紧密联系
        C. 政党有⾃⼰的纲领
        D. 政党有⾃⼰的奋⽃⽬标
      - id:: 6487090c-61e8-44ed-81a4-f3e07e1a8731 4. ⼀个政党在社会历史进程中是否起促进作⽤，取决于该党是否( {{c1 b}} ). #flashcard
        A. 取得执政地位
        B. 代表先进⽣产⽅式
        C. 维护⽆产阶级利益
        D. 符合统治阶级的需要
  - DONE [[学交]] {{renderer :todomaster}}
    collapsed:: true
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-13 Tue>

    - DONE 看格式要求 _Follow the ABC (Abstract Body Conclusion) Format for all Letters/Memos_

      - DONE Job application letter

        - Cover letter (application letter)

          - #+BEGIN_VERSE
            [Your name]
            [Your address]
            [Your city, state and zip code]

                [Date]

                [Hiring manager's name]
                [Hiring manager's title]
                [Company name]
                [Company address]
                [Company city, state and zip code]

                Dear [Hiring manager's name],

                I'm writing to express my interest in the position of [job title] at [company]. [Explain how you heard about the job and name your contact if you were referred by someone within the company.] I believe my [skills and qualifications] make me an ideal fit for this job.

                [Use the second paragraph to elaborate on how you would help the company. Reference specific campaigns or projects when possible.]

                [Use the third paragraph to summarize your key qualifications. Elaborate on your most important accomplishments and include details that you were unable to provide in the more concise format of your resume.]

                [Use the fourth paragraph to briefly explain why you want to work for this company. Mention the additional documents included with your cover letter, and express your excitement about moving forward in the hiring process.]

                Sincerely,
                [Your name]

            #+END_VERSE

      - DONE Academic

        - DONE research proposal

          - Format

            - #+BEGIN_VERSE
              Your proposal should include the following:

              1.  TITLE

                  Your title should give a clear indication of your proposed research approach or key question

              2.  BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

              You should include:

                  the background and issues of your proposed research
                  identify your discipline
                  a short literature review
                  a summary of key debates and developments in the field

              3.  RESEARCH QUESTION(S)

              You should formulate these clearly, giving an explanation as to what problems and issues are to be explored and why they are worth exploring

              4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

              You should provide an outline of:

                  the theoretical resources to be drawn on
                  the research approach (theoretical framework)
                  the research methods appropriate for the proposed research
                  a discussion of advantages as well as limits of particular approaches and methods

              5.  PLAN OF WORK & TIME SCHEDULE

              You should include an outline of the various stages and corresponding time lines for developing and implementing the research, including writing up your thesis.

              For full-time study your research should be completed within three years, with writing up completed in the fourth year of registration.

              For part-time study your research should be completed within six years, with writing up completed by the eighth year.

              6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

              You should include:

                  a list of references to key articles and texts discussed within your research proposal
                  a selection of sources appropriate to the proposed research

              #+END_VERSE

        - DONE academic paper
          - DONE abstract
            - Major Types of Abstract - Descriptive Abstracts
              - ● Short -uaually less than 120 words.
              - ● Includes:
                - ● purpose of the paper/work (objectives)
                - ● methods used
                - ● scope of the paper/work
                - ● introducing the subject.
              - ● Doesn’t include:
                - ● results, conclusions and recommendations
                - It aims to provide the reader with brief summaries (1-2 sentences) of each of the sections of the paper.
                - ● A descriptive abstract summarizes the main points of a document without
                  providing any analysis or interpretation, simply describing what the document
                  contains. It is typically very short and doesn't provide any information beyond
                  what you would find in the document's table of contents.
                - ● An outline of your work
            - •Major Types of Abstract - Informative Abstracts
              - ● Fairly short - from 250 words to a page or more.
              - ● Include:
                - ● purpose of the work/paper (research background /objectives)
                - ● method used
                - ● scope of the work
                - ● results / findings
                - ● conclusions and recommendations
                - ● contributions, novelty (optional)
            - It focuses on providing the results of the research and describing the
              conclusion, contribution and vovelty that can be drawn from these
              results.
          - DONE introduction
            - a clear sense of purpose,
              thorough understanding of reader needs, and
              close attention to correct formats.
            - Research paper introductions are always unique.
              After all, research is original by definition. However, they often
              contain six essential items. These are:
            - **An overview of the topic.**Start with a general overview of
              your topic. Narrow the overview until you address your paper’s specific
              subject. Then, mention questions or concerns you had about the case.
              Note that you will address them in the publication.
            - **Prior research.**Your introduction is the place to review
              other conclusions on your topic. Include both older scholars and modern
              scholars. This background information shows that you are aware of prior
              research. It also introduces past findings to those who might not have
              that expertise.
            - **A rationale for your paper.**Explain why your topic needs to
              be addressed right now. If applicable, connect it to current issues.
              Additionally, you can show a problem with former theories or reveal a
              gap in current research. No matter how you do it, a good rationale will
              interest your readers and demonstrate why they must read the rest of
              your paper.
            - **Describe the methodology you used.**Recount your processes to
              make your paper more credible. Lay out your goal and the questions you
              will address. Reveal how you conducted research and describe how you
              measured results. Moreover, explain why you made key choices.
            - **A thesis statement.**Your main introduction should end with a
              thesis statement. This statement summarizes the ideas that will run
              through your entire research article. It should be straightforward and
              clear.
            - **An outline.**Introductions often conclude with an outline.
              Your layout should quickly review what you intend to cover in the
              following sections. Think of it as a roadmap, guiding your reader to the
              end of your paper.
            - These six items are emphasized more or less,
              depending on your field. For example, a physics research paper might
              emphasize methodology. An English journal article might highlight the
              overview.
          - DONE conclusion
            - Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper.
            - Summarizing your thoughts and conveying the larger implications of your study.
            - Demonstrating the importance of your ideas.
            - Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research problem.

      - DONE Report

        - Informal

          - DONE letter report

            - Format

              - #+BEGIN_VERSE
                This form is used in the case of brief and informal reports. Its main parts are:

                    Heading;
                    Date;
                    Address;
                    Salutation;
                    Body;
                    Complimentary close;
                    Signature.

                The body of the letter can be divided into the following parts:

                    Introduction: Here the writer states the problem.
                    Findings: Here the finding of the investigation are presented.
                    Recommendation: After the findings, recommendations are given in the last paragraph of the body.

                The sample is given below to give an idea about the structure of a report.
                #+END_VERSE

            - Sample

              - ```text
                                           Opex Apparel Ltd.
                                       (A house for best Garments)
                                             Dhanmondi, Dhaka

                25th, May 2021

                Managing Director
                Opex Apparel Ltd.
                Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

                Ref: Negligence of duty by the staff in our Uttara Showroom.

                Dear Sir,

                In accordance with” your instructions, I personally visited our Uttara
                showroom to look into its functioning. I made some investigation and
                 therefore submitting my report hereunder. <abstract, introduction>

                A number of worthy customers purchased some exclusive garments
                but found some problems with fitting after purchase. They tried their
                best to return the garments but failed because there was no
                attendant to take the complaint and providing the change. As a
                result, they made a phone call to our complaint department and filed
                complaints regarding this issue. <findings>

                In our Uttara branch, there is only one attendant named Mr. Saker to
                handle the after-sales service. He has been found to be irregular for
                the last three (3) months. As a result, our customers are getting
                dissatisfaction causing a decrease in our sales. In this age of
                competition, losing customers means “Red Alert to the business.

                I have no hesitation to recommend that Mr. Saker may be served
                with a notice and a really efficient and active man may be sent there
                for proper functioning. <recommendation>

                I hope that quick action will be taken based on my recommendation
                for the betterment of our company.<close>

                Yours faithfully

                M. A Khan Secretary
                ```

          - DONE memo report

            - Format
              - Abstract
                - Clear statement of memo's purpose
                  Outline of main parts of memo
              - Body
                - Supporting points, with strong points at the beginning and/or end
                  Frequent use of short paragraphs or listed items
                  Absolute clarity about what memo has to do with reader
                  Tactful presentation of any negative news
              - Conclusion
                - Clear statement of what step should occur next
                  Another effort to retain goodwill and cooperation of readers
            - Sample:

              - ```text
                                             MEMORANDUM

                DATE:

                TO:

                FROM:

                SUBJECT:

                I'm writing to inform you that [statement, reason for writing memo].

                As our company continues to grow … [evidence or reason to support your opening
                paragraph].

                Please let me know if you have any questions. In the meantime, I'd appreciate your
                cooperation as [official business information] takes place.
                ```

        - Formal
          - DONE Letter Text Combination Form
            - Types
              - proposal: A proposal report is a document that outlines a plan or suggestion for a
                particular project, initiative, or course of action. It is typically
                prepared by an individual or a team who wants to propose a specific
                idea, action, or solution to a problem. The purpose of a proposal report
                is to convince the intended audience that the proposed plan is viable,
                beneficial, and worth pursuing.
              - feasibility: A feasibility report determines the outcome of a proposed solution by analyzing all relevant factors.
              - progress: A progress report is a document that provides an update on the status,
                achievements, and ongoing activities of a project, task, or initiative.
                It is typically prepared on a regular basis, such as weekly, monthly, or
                quarterly, to inform stakeholders about the progress made toward
                established goals and objectives.
              - evaluation: An evaluation report is a document that assesses and analyzes the
                performance, effectiveness, or impact of a project, program, policy, or
                initiative. It provides an in-depth examination and critique of the
                subject being evaluated, based on specific criteria and objectives.
              - problem analysis: A problem analysis report is a document that examines and analyzes a specific problem or issue in depth. It aims to identify the root causes
                of the problem, understand its impact, and propose potential solutions
                or recommendations.
              - recommendation: Recommendation reports, also known as justification reports, propose a specific idea to the reader and provide evidence to support the
                recommendation.
            - Template
              - ```text
                Report on [topic of the report]
                Submitted on [date of submission]
                Summary or Abstract
                [This summarizes the contents of the report, including your main findings and
                overall conclusion.]
                Introduction
                [This provides insight into the purpose of the report.]
                Background
                [This section provides background information for the reader to understand the
                context of the remaining content.]
                Methodology
                [This section explains to the reader what method you followed to gather your
                findings and make your conclusions. For example, describe if you're using
                qualitative or quantitative methods in your research.]
                Findings
                [Present your findings based on your research.]
                Conclusions
                The main issues we found were as follows:
                [Outline the main issues to address based on your findings.]
                Recommendations
                To address these central issues, we recommend the following steps:
                [Offer clear recommendations of actions based on your findings and conclusions
                to help solve the problem.]
                Appendix
                [List any references used for your research, including articles, papers, or other
                sources. You can also include any reference materials, such as surveys, tables,
                charts, or diagrams referenced in your report.]
                ```

    - LATER 写几篇试试手

  - DONE 数电 {{renderer :todomaster}}
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-14 Wed>
    deck:: 2023t1/Circuits
    collapsed:: true
    - DONE 看 block4
      deck:: 2023t1/Circuits
      - Buses #flashcard what is it? connection types?
        id:: 6488641f-9ec8-4732-9f02-c4aeb2367d68
        - Set of two or more electrical conductors representing a
          binary value
        - Often more than just a one-to-one connection
      - Data Storage Devices
        - Random Access: #flashcard Access parallel? Access time? address length? two categories of random access?
          id:: dba98f43-3f8b-463d-81c5-c72ab1192ec8
          - All memory contents can be accessed in the same time as
            each other.
          - Equal time to access any location
          - n-bit address
          - Volatile #flashcard: content lost? also called? two types?
            id:: 64886486-510b-4bae-a96b-b3e1e2d7426a
            - Volatile memory loses its contents when the power is switched off
            - Volatile memory is commonly called {{c1 RAM(Random Access Memory)}}. Often used as “working
              id:: 648864bd-5553-4cb9-9b3b-95704702ec3a
              memory” #flashcard
            - Static RAM (SRAM): Uses {{c3 transistors}} to store a single bit
              id:: 6488656f-d6e7-471c-a576-918f2a9539cd
              of information and does not need to be refreshed
              periodically. #flashcard
              - more expensive and less dense
            - Dynamic RAM (DRAM)Uses a {{c2 capacitor}} to store the
              id:: 6488659c-99ea-4bf5-9f22-dabeea3f51d9
              data bit and needs to be periodically refreshed to maintain
              the charge in the capacitors. #flashcard
              - Because of the small cell size, DRAM can have very high
                densities.
              - It is the main memory in personal computers.
          - Non-volatile #flashcard data loss? abbrevation?
            id:: 535e9457-c460-4f39-af70-29f1451ec6bd
            - Non-volatile memory keeps its contents even if there is no
              power to the device.
            - Non-volatile memory is commonly called as {{c1 ROM}}
              id:: 648864c3-9852-48f3-8aac-21adaab99963
            - ROM
              - Definition :-> Read-Only Memory where the contents cannot be
                id:: 64886681-d990-45e3-afd3-e13d95459f58
                changed by normal CPU operations.
              - used to store fixed data or information.
              - Mask ROM :-> programmed in manufacture
                id:: 648866a8-81ed-435b-a946-d96ab208b17e
              - PROM :-> Programmable ROM
                id:: 648866ae-85e5-4241-a1f9-fc2d32df9cda
              - EPROM :-> Erasable PROM
                id:: 648866b2-2f28-4bc3-96ba-d05da9722b4f
              - EEPROM :-> Electrically Erasable PROM
                id:: 648866b5-0447-4faf-8535-258f4c28d7d2
        - Serial Access
          - Stores data bits in series
            Head must travel from current position to new address passing the
            other addresses in between – time consuming
            Can store large amounts of data
        - Read Only
        - R / W
      - SI bytes:
        8bit = 1byte
        ![image.png](../assets/image_1686315189766_0.png)
    - DONE 往年题
    - DONE Review slides
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 20:05:19]--[2023-06-11 Sun 21:37:27] => 01:32:08
      :END:
      - DONE Tutorial 1
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 20:06:12]--[2023-06-11 Sun 21:13:20] => 01:07:08
        :END:
        - DONE Base conversion
          - Integer
          - Digits
          - If calculating integer part, from up to down :-> LSB to MSB
          - fractional part is the reverse, :-> from MSB to LSB, since we are multiplying.
        - DONE LSB, MSB
        - DONE ==2's complement==
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 20:24:32]
          CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 20:24:34]--[2023-06-11 Sun 20:32:57] => 00:08:23
          :END:
          - convert to 2's complement (negative numbers)
            - Invert the bits of that representation
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
            - add 1
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
          - convert from 2's complement (negative numbers)
            - subtract 1
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
            - invert the bits of that representation
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
            - or:
            - invert bits
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
            - add 1
              logseq.order-list-type:: number
          - Subtraction with 2's complement
        - DONE Floating point formats
          :LOGBOOK:
          CLOCK: [2023-06-11 Sun 20:53:09]--[2023-06-11 Sun 21:09:13] => 00:16:04
          :END:
          - IEEE 754 FP
            - $$ Value = (-1)^s _ 1.f _ 2^{e-127} $$
            - s: sign
            - f: Mantissa
            - e: exponent
        - Parity
      - DONE Tutorial 2
        collapsed:: true
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 19:02:54]--[2023-06-13 Tue 19:53:03] => 00:50:09
        :END:
        - Drawing gates
        - Boolean algebra
          - Theorems
            - Consensus theorem
              - $$ (X + Y) (X + Z) = X + YZ $$
            - Distributivity theorem
              - $$ XY + X'Z + YZ = XY + X'Z $$
        - Minterms and Maxterms
          - Minterm
            - Algebraic sum of minterms, SOP, Canonical Sum
            - Algebraic product of maxterms, POS, Canonical Product
      - DONE Tutorial 3
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 19:56:43]--[2023-06-13 Tue 20:31:16] => 00:34:33
        :END:
        - Draw latches
          - SR
          - SR with control
          - D
        - Draw Functional table
          - DONE When the output is invalid
        - Synchronous state machine
        - Input / next state / output equations
        - Transition table, State table, State / Output Table
        - Circuit synthesis
          - K-map
          - State diagram
      - DONE Tutorial 4
        :LOGBOOK:
        CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 20:36:09]--[2023-06-13 Tue 21:21:19] => 00:45:10
        :END:
        - Calculating address bits
        - Calculating bits required to select memory chips
        - draw diagrams
          - DONE Draw block diagram of circuit using decoder so that memory can be addrerssed
            :LOGBOOK:
            CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12]--[2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12] => 00:00:00
            :END:
            ![image.png](../assets/image_1686666046762_0.png)
          - DONE Draw block diagram of a system in which a memory space comprises multiple memory devices of smaller capacity and explain its operation
            :LOGBOOK:
            CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12]--[2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12] => 00:00:00
            :END:
          - DONE Mux switch
            :LOGBOOK:
            CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12]--[2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12] => 00:00:00
            :END:
            ![image.png](../assets/image_1686665844966_0.png)
          - DONE Draw ROM
            :LOGBOOK:
            CLOCK: [2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12]--[2023-06-13 Tue 21:33:12] => 00:00:00
            :END:
            ![image.png](../assets/image_1686663351367_0.png)
            The address is from b to a (down to up):
            c b a addr
            0 0 0 0
            0 0 1 1
            0 1 0 2
            0 1 1 3
            ==mux switch left 1, right 0==
          - DONE Ripple parallel adder implemented by FAs
            ![image.png](../assets/image_1686665873138_0.png)
          - DONE Ripple parallel subtractor implemented by FAs
            ![image.png](../assets/image_1686665912325_0.png)
        - Transforming bit, byte, kb, mb, gb
  - LATER 看数据库 {{renderer :todomaster}}
    id:: 647bf024-fa40-4786-9770-e16da8b57f0f
    deck:: 2023t1/db
    - DONE 课件
      collapsed:: true
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-01 Thu 17:01:28]--[2023-06-01 Thu 17:01:30] => 00:00:02
      CLOCK: [2023-06-01 Thu 17:01:41]--[2023-06-01 Thu 17:38:19] => 00:36:38
      :END:
      - DONE Transactions
      - DONE Distributed DMBSs
      - DONE XML
      - DONE Data Mining
      - DONE NoSQL
    - LATER Theory
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-04 Sun 16:27:23]--[2023-06-04 Sun 16:54:55] => 00:27:32
      :END:
      - LATER Block 1
        - DONE DBMS
          - Database is :-> a shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization.
          - Table :-> A collection of related data organized into rows (also called records) and columns (also called fields).
          - Row/Record :-> A single set of data in a table, representing a specific instance or entity.
          - Column/Field :-> A specific attribute or data element within a table.
          - Primary Key :-> A unique identifier for each row/record in a table. It ensures the integrity and uniqueness of the data.
          - Foreign Key :-> A field in one table that refers to the primary key in another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables.
          - Relationship :-> The connection between tables based on common data values, such as primary and foreign keys.
          - Normalization :-> The process of organizing and structuring a database design to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity.
          - Index :-> A data structure that improves the retrieval speed of data from a database table by creating a quick reference to the location of the data.
          - Query :-> A request for data or information from a database, usually written using Structured Query Language (SQL).
          - SQL (Structured Query Language) :-> A programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. It allows you to create, modify, and retrieve data from databases.
          - CRUD Operations :-> An acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations, which are the basic operations used to manage data in a database.
          - ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) :-> A set of properties that guarantee the reliability and integrity of database transactions.
          - Data Integrity :-> The accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data stored in a database.
          - Database Schema :-> The structure or blueprint of a database, defining the tables, fields, relationships, and constraints.
          - Database Management System (DBMS) :-> Software that provides an interface to interact with databases, managing their creation, modification, and retrieval.
        - DONE basic concepts of Relational model
          - A data model :- > a graphical description of the
            components of database.
          - A relation, is :-> a two-dimensional table arranged in columns and rows.
          - A relational database is :-> a collection of relations.
          - Candidate Key #flashcard
            - A set of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple within a
              relation.
            - Uniqueness : In each tuple, candidate key uniquely identify
              that tuple.
            - Irreducibility: No proper subset of the candidate key has the
              uniqueness property.
          - Primary Key #flashcard
            - Candidate key selected to identify tuples uniquely within
              relation.
          - Foreign Key #flashcard
            - Attribute, or set of attributes, within one relation that
              matches candidate key of some (possibly same) relation.
          - Composite Key #flashcard
            - A candidate key that consists of two or more attributes.
          - Recursive Relationship #flashcard
            - Relationship type where same entity type participates
              more than once in different roles.
          - Multiplicity :-> number (or range) of possible
            occurrences of an entity type that may relate to a
            single occurrence of an associated entity type
            through a particular relationship.
            - Cardinality
              - Describes maximum number of possible relationship
                occurrences for an entity participating in a given
                relationship type.
          - Participation
                - Determines whether all or only some entity occurrences participate in a relationship.
              - Gives the minimum number for an entity occurrences participating in a given relationship type.
        - LATER basic concepts associated with Entity-Relationship(ER) model.
        - LATER Forming sql queries
          collapsed:: true
          - DONE Review relational algebra https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-relational-algebra-in-dbms/
          - LATER review lab2
          - LATER SQL join
      - LATER Block 2
        - LATER EER
        - LATER designing ER diagram
      - DONE Block 3
        collapsed:: true
        - DONE DB transaction management
          - DONE ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability): A set of properties that guarantee the reliability and integrity of database transactions.
            - Atomicity: The property that ensures a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. It either executes all its operations successfully or rolls back to the initial state if any operation fails.
            - Consistency: The property that ensures a transaction transforms the database from one consistent state to another consistent state. It maintains data integrity and adheres to defined business rules.
            - Isolation: The property that ensures concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Each transaction operates in isolation until it completes, preventing interference or conflicts.
            - Durability: The property that ensures committed changes made by a transaction are permanently saved and will survive any subsequent system failures or crashes.
          - DONE Concurrency control
            - DONE Meaning of serialisability.
            - DONE How locking can ensure serialisability.
              - Locking achieves serializability by using locks to control access to
                shared resources (e.g., database objects like tables or rows) and
                prevent conflicts between concurrent transactions.
            - DONE 2PL
              - In the 2PL protocol, transactions acquire and release locks on database
                objects (e.g., tables, rows) in two distinct phases: the growing phase
                and the shrinking phase.
            - DONE Deadlock and how it can be resolved.
              - A deadlock is a situation in which two or more transactions are unable
                to proceed because each is waiting for a resource held by the other,
                resulting in a circular dependency and a system halt. It is a form of
                resource contention that can occur in concurrent systems, including
                database management systems.
            - DONE How timestamping can ensure serialisability.
              - By using transaction timestamps and enforcing the read and write
                validation checks, concurrency control mechanisms can ensure that
                transactions are executed in a way that maintains data consistency and
                serializability.
          - DONE Recovery Control
            - DONE Some causes of database failure.
              - System crashes, resulting in loss of main memory.
              - Power failures
              - Disk crashes, resulting in loss of parts of secondary storage.
              - Application software errors.
              - Natural physical disasters.
              - User mistakes.
              - Sabotage.
            - DONE Purpose of transaction log file.
              - Contains information about all updates to
                database:
                - Transaction records.
                - Checkpoint records.
                - Often used for other purposes (for example, auditing).
              - For autiding
            - DONE Purpose of checkpointing.
              - When failure occurs, redo all transactions that
                committed since the checkpoint and undo all
                transactions active at time of crash.
        - DONE Normalization
          background-color:: yellow
          - DONE Functional dependencies [g4g](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-functional-dependencies-in-dbms/)
            - In a relational database management, functional dependency is a concept
              that specifies the relationship between two sets of attributes where one
              attribute determines the value of another attribute. It is denoted as **X → Y**, where the attribute set on the left side of the arrow, **X** is called **Determinant** , and **Y** is called the **Dependent**.
          - DONE BCNF vs. 3NF
            :LOGBOOK:
            CLOCK: [2023-06-01 Thu 17:38:55]--[2023-06-01 Thu 17:38:56] => 00:00:01
            :END:
          - DONE kinds of NF [tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/normal-forms-in-dbms/)
            - First Normal Form (1NF): This is the most basic level of
              normalization. In 1NF, each table cell should contain _only a single value, and each column should have a unique name_. The first normal form helps to eliminate duplicate data and simplify queries.
            - Second Normal Form (2NF): 2NF eliminates redundant data by requiring that each _non-key attribute_ be dependent on the primary key. This means that _each column should be directly related to the primary key_, and not to other
              columns.
            - Third Normal Form (3NF): 3NF builds on 2NF by requiring
              that _all non-key attributes are independent of each other._ This means that each column should be directly related to the primary key, and not to any other columns in the same table.
            - Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF): BCNF is a stricter form of 3NF that ensures that each determinant in a table is a candidate key. In other words, BCNF ensures that _each non-key attribute is dependent only on the candidate key._
            - Fourth Normal Form (4NF): 4NF is a further refinement of BCNF that ensures that _a table does not contain any multi-valued dependencies._
            - Fifth Normal Form (5NF): 5NF is the highest level of normalization and involves decomposing a table into smaller tables to _remove data redundancy and improve data integrity._
      - DONE Block 4
        - DONE Distributed DBMS
          collapsed:: true
          - DONE client server arch
            collapsed:: true
            - Computers (client) connected over wired or wireless local area network (LAN)
            - The database itself and the DBMS are stored on a central device called the database server, which is also connected to the network.
          - Distributed Database
            collapsed:: true
            - A logically interrelated collection of shared data (and a description of this data), physically spread over a computer network.
          - Distributed DBMS
            collapsed:: true
            - Software system that permits the management of the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users.
          - the key issues
            collapsed:: true
            - Fragmentation
            - Allocation
            - Replication
          - importance and different types of fragmentation
            collapsed:: true
            - Horizontal
            - Vertical
            - Mixed
          - different types of transparency
            collapsed:: true
            - Distribution Transparency: The database feels as a single, logical entity
            - Transaction Transparency: Ensures that all distributed transactions maintain distributed database’s integrity and consistency.
            - Performance Transparency: must perform as if it were a centralized DBMS.
          - advantages and disadvantages of distributed databases
        - DONE XML
          collapsed:: true
          - XML definition and basic concepts
            collapsed:: true
            - eXtensible Markup Language
            - A meta-language (i.e. a language for describing other languages) that
              enables designers to create their own customised tags to provide
              functionality not available with HTML.
          - Relational model versus XML
            collapsed:: true
            - SQL
              collapsed:: true
              - is a special-purpose programming language
              - You can: manage data in a relational databases.
            - XML
              collapsed:: true
              - is a markup specification language
              - You can: design ways of describing information (text or data), usually for storage, transmission, or processing by a program (you can use it in combination with a programming language).
              - It says nothing about what you should do with the data (although your choice of element names may hint at what they are for).
          - Well-formed XML, Valid XML
            collapsed:: true
            - Adheres to basic structural requirements - Single root element
            - Matched tags, proper nesting
            - Unique attributes within elements
          - DTD, XSD
            collapsed:: true
            - DTD: Defines the valid syntax of an XML document
            - XSD: a more comprehensive method of defining content model of
              an XML document.
        - DONE Data Mining
          collapsed:: true
          - concept
            collapsed:: true
            - The process of extracting valid, previously unknown, comprehensible,
              and actionable information from large databases and using it to make
              crucial business decisions.
          - different applications
            collapsed:: true
            - Retail / Marketing
            - Banking
            - Insurance
            - Medicine
          - basic techniques
            collapsed:: true
            - predictive modelling,
              collapsed:: true
              - uses observations to form a model of the important characteristics of some
                phenomenon
            - database segmentation,
              collapsed:: true
              - Uses unsupervised learning to discover homogeneous subpopulations in a database to improve the accuracy of the profiles.
            - link analysis,
              collapsed:: true
              - Establishing links, called associations, between the individual
                records, or sets of records, in a database.
            - deviation detection.
              collapsed:: true
              - Identifies outliers, which express deviation from some previously
                known expectation and norm.
        - DONE NoSQL
          collapsed:: true
          - the motivation for NoSQL
            collapsed:: true
            - By giving up ACID constraints, one can achieve
              much higher performance and scalability.
          - explain the concepts of NoSQL
            collapsed:: true
            - NoSQL databases (aka "not only SQL") are non-tabular databases and store
              data differently than relational tables. NoSQL databases come in a
              variety of types based on their data model. The main types are document,
              key-value, wide-column, and graph. They provide flexible schemas and
              scale easily with large amounts of data and high user loads.
          - explain the application areas of NoSQL
            collapsed:: true
            - NoSQL is an alternative, non-traditional DB technology to be
              used in large scale environments where (ACID) transactions are not a priority.
            - CAP theorem:
              collapsed:: true
              - There are 3 main properties for distributed management:
                1.  Consistency → A data item has the same value at the same time (to
                    ensure coherency).
                2.  Availability → Data is available, even if a server is down.
                3.  Partition Tolerance → A query must have an answer, even if the system
                    is partitioned (unless there is a global failure).
      - DONE Terms in: [chatGPT](https://chat.openai.com/c/db2ea8df-3bd0-4404-98ae-266afdd8fec1)
    - LATER Exercises
      - LATER past year exercise 1
      - LATER past year exercise 2
      - LATER past year exercise 3
  - LATER [[产品开发]] {{renderer :todomaster}}
    collapsed:: true
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-16 Fri>
    - DONE 整理考点
      :LOGBOOK:
      CLOCK: [2023-06-09 Fri 15:05:10]--[2023-06-09 Fri 15:05:11] => 00:00:01
      :END:
    - LATER See past exam papers
    - LATER 整理 ppt
      - DONE Week 1
        - {{embed ((648581e7-cc5c-4514-9c2a-0b6af4adc5bb))}}
        - {{embed ((648594af-3833-4991-a4c2-2e9c8430a122))}}
        - [Topic 4: Product Planning](https://docs.google.com/document/d/17RTFywNdyxAnf7qcb4drrn_shtRjSRhO/edit)
        - {{embed ((64859157-dc41-453d-95ea-39e2280ea735))}}
      - DONE Week 2
        - {{embed ((6482bafb-b96b-44c3-834b-8b4966c1dc0c))}}
        - {{embed ((64857305-2925-485f-9aed-e15511b42149))}}
        - {{embed ((64857305-a186-4927-890d-607f66d97f95))}}
      - DONE Week 3
      - DONE Week4
  - LATER 概率论 (隔了一个周末)
    collapsed:: true
    SCHEDULED: <2023-06-19 Mon>
    - {{embed ((647bf024-41f1-45e7-afaf-f49026e826d6))}}
  - ![2023-06-09-13-21-19.jpeg](../assets/2023-06-09-13-21-19.jpeg)

-
